Emergency construction work carried out to prevent flooding, leakage, and collapse of levees during floods and high tides. To prevent overflow and collapse, levees are reinforced by piling mats on the top surface or slopes of the levees, laying straw mats, or driving piles into the ground. If there is a leak, the area is surrounded to hold the water and water pressure is applied to stop the muddy water from gushing out. In Japan, the Flood Control Act was enacted in 1949 for actual flood control work. Based on this, flood control management organizations are organized to patrol and guard rivers in peacetime, prepare necessary materials and equipment, and carry out flood control drills, and in floods, cooperate with firefighting organizations to carry out necessary work. When flood control activities are necessary, there is no time to spare and dangerous work must be carried out smoothly and quickly, so careful planning is required in advance. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
洪水や高潮の際,堤防に越水,漏水,崩壊などのおそれがあるとき,これらを防ぐために行う応急工事。越水や崩壊防止のために堤防の上面や斜面に土俵を積んだり,むしろを張ったり,杭を打ったりして堤防を補強する。漏水個所があれば,そこを囲んで水をため,逆に水圧をかけて泥水の噴出を止める。日本には実際の水防作業のために 1949年公布された水防法がある。これに基づいて水防管理団体が組織されて,平時には河川の巡視,警備,必要材料や器具の整備,水防演習を行い,洪水時には消防機関などと協力して必要な作業を行う。水防活動を必要とする場合は時間的余裕もなく,危険な作業を円滑,迅速に行わなければならないから,あらかじめ周到な計画を立てておかなければならない。
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