Anonymous group

Japanese: anonymous group(英語表記)anonymousgroup
Anonymous group

…Some social insects recognize each other by sharing the queen's secretions among the members of the same colony, but some, such as paper wasps, have superiority and inferiority among individuals and show higher cognitive abilities. However, many vertebrates and invertebrates other than mammals do not recognize each other, and these groups are called anonymous groups. Such groups are also commonly called crowds, and members can be exchanged within them, so their composition is constantly changing. …

From [Flock]

…These groups are divided into two types: those with fixed members and those that can be freely replaced by individuals of the same species, or individuals of the same age and sex. Examples of the former include groups of monkeys and other higher mammals that are maintained based on mutual recognition between members based on blood ties or rank, while examples of the latter include migratory schools of fish, schools of young fish, and large flocks of birds during migration, which are not based on mutual recognition between members and are referred to in ethology as "anonymous groups." A flock is generally a term used to refer to a group of individuals of the same species, but there are also cases where individuals of different species gather together to form a single group, which is called a mixed-species flock or mixed-species group. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "anonymous group" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…社会性昆虫の中には,女王の分泌物を同じコロニーの構成員が分有することによって相互に認知しあっているものがあるが,アシナガバチのように個体間に優劣があり,より高度な認知能力を示すものもある。しかし哺乳類以外の脊椎動物と無脊椎動物には個体相互間の認知がないものが多く,これらの集合を無名の群れanonymous groupと呼ぶ。このような集合はまた,一般に群集crowdと呼ばれるが,その中では成員の交換が可能であり,その構成はたえず変化している。…

【群れ】より

…これらの群れには,その構成員が定まっているものと,同種の個体あるいは同種で同年齢の個体,あるいは同じ性の個体であれば自由に入れ換えが可能なものとがある。前者の例としては,サルその他高等哺乳類の血縁や順位による構成員間の相互認知に基づいて保たれている群れをあげることができるのに対し,後者は回遊する魚群,稚魚の群れ,渡りのときの鳥の大群など,構成員相互間の個体の認知が群れを構成するための要件になっていない群れ,動物行動学でいう〈無名の群れanonymous group〉をあげることができる。群れは一般に,同種の個体の集合を表す用語であるが,異種の個体が集まって一つのまとまりをなす場合もあり,これを混群mixed‐species flock,mixed‐species groupという。…

※「anonymous group」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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