A type of reduction reaction in which hydrogen is added to unsaturated bonds. There are various methods of hydrogenation, but they can be broadly divided into chemical reduction and catalytic reduction. For example, carbon-carbon unsaturated compounds can be reduced to saturated compounds by chemical reduction using sodium amalgam or sodium and alcohol. Hydrogenation can also be achieved by catalytic reduction using hydrogen gas and catalysts such as Raney nickel, platinum black, or palladium black. The latter method is also used industrially, particularly in the oil and fat industry, where it is called hardening and highly saturated solid oils and fats are produced by hydrogenating oily unsaturated glycerides. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
不飽和結合に水素を付加させる還元反応の1種。水素添加の方法にはいろいろあるが,化学的還元と接触還元とに大別される。たとえば炭素-炭素不飽和化合物は,ナトリウムアマルガムやナトリウムとアルコールなどによる化学的還元によって,飽和化合物に還元される。水素添加はまた,水素ガスを用いて,ラネーニッケル,白金黒,パラジウム黒などを触媒とする接触還元によっても達せられる。後者は工業的にも応用されているが,特に油脂工業では硬化と称し,油状の不飽和グリセリドの水素添加によって,飽和度の高い固形油脂が製造されている。
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