Barium hydroxide

Japanese: 水酸化バリウム - すいさんかばりうむ(英語表記)barium hydroxide
Barium hydroxide

Barium hydroxide.

It is produced by dissolving barium oxide obtained by thermal decomposition of barium carbonate in hot water and cooling it. It can also be produced by the double decomposition of barium chloride and sodium hydroxide.

BaCl 2 +2NaOH―→Ba(OH) 2 +2NaCl
The octahydrate precipitates in an aqueous solution and efflores in air. It becomes the monohydrate when dried in a vacuum, and the anhydrate when heated to 550°C. It has the highest solubility in water of all the alkaline earth hydroxides, and its aqueous solution is also the most alkaline. It is slightly soluble in ethanol (ethyl alcohol), but insoluble in ether. The aqueous solution is called baryta water, and when it absorbs carbon dioxide gas, it produces a white precipitate of barium carbonate.

Ba(OH) 2 +CO 2 ―→BaCO 3 +H 2 O
This reaction is extremely sensitive and is used to detect carbon dioxide. Baryta water is also important analytically as a standard solution for neutralization titrations. Barium hydroxide is in high demand industrially as a raw material for the manufacture of barium soap (for grease and vinyl chloride stabilizers) and other barium compounds, and as a neutralizer and remover for sulfuric acid. Like other barium salts, it is toxic, and if inhaled, it should be gargled, and if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes, it should be washed thoroughly with running water.

[Torii Yasuo]

[Supplementary Materials] | Barium hydroxide (Data Note 1) | Barium hydroxide (Data Note 2)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

バリウムの水酸化物。

 炭酸バリウムを熱分解して得た酸化バリウムを温水に溶解し、冷却することによって製造される。塩化バリウムと水酸化ナトリウムの複分解による方法もある。

  BaCl2+2NaOH―→Ba(OH)2+2NaCl
水溶液から析出したものは八水和物で、空気中で風解する。真空乾燥で一水和物に、550℃の加熱で無水和物となる。アルカリ土類水酸化物のなかで水に対する溶解度がもっとも高く、また、水溶液のアルカリ性ももっとも強い。エタノール(エチルアルコール)にはわずかに溶けるが、エーテルには溶けない。水溶液はバリタ水とよばれ、炭酸ガスを吸収すると炭酸バリウムの白色沈殿を生ずる。

  Ba(OH)2+CO2―→BaCO3+H2O
この反応はきわめて鋭敏で、炭酸ガスの検出に用いられる。バリタ水はこのほか中和滴定の標準液として分析上重要である。水酸化バリウムは、バリウムせっけん(グリース、塩化ビニル安定剤用)、その他のバリウム化合物の製造原料、硫酸の中和除去剤など工業的需要が大きい。ほかのバリウム塩同様有毒で、吸入した場合はうがい、皮膚や目についた場合は流水で十分洗う必要がある。

[鳥居泰男]

[補完資料] | 水酸化バリウム(データノート1) | 水酸化バリウム(データノート2)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Hydroxide - Water soluble hydroxide

>>:  Sodium hydroxide - Sodium hydroxide

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