A nerve that transmits nerve impulses from the periphery to the center. It is also called an afferent nerve, and is the opposite of an efferent nerve. All sensory nerves that transmit sensory information from peripheral receptors to the center are afferent nerves. Most nerve bundles contain both afferent and efferent nerve fibers, so the more accurate term is "afferent nerve fibers." The afferent nerve fibers that reach the spinal cord of vertebrates pass through the dorsal root of the spinal cord, while the ventral root is made up of efferent nerve fibers. This is called the "Bell-Magendie law." There is a known exception in that the dorsal root contains efferent fibers that act to dilate blood vessels in the parasympathetic nervous system. [Akira Murakami] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
神経興奮(神経インパルス)を末梢(まっしょう)より中枢に伝える神経をいう。求心性神経ともいい、遠心神経の対語。末梢の受容器から中枢に感覚情報を伝える感覚神経は、すべて求心神経である。ほとんどの神経束は求心性および遠心性の神経繊維を含むため、正確には求心神経繊維が用いられる。脊椎(せきつい)動物の脊髄(せきずい)に至る求心神経繊維は、脊髄の後根を通り、前根は遠心神経繊維からなる。これを「ベル‐マジャンディの法則」という。後根中に、副交感神経系の血管拡張に働く遠心性繊維が含まれるという例外が知られている。 [村上 彰] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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