A prefecture in the central Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. It roughly overlaps with the area known as Arcadia in ancient times. Its capital is Tripolis. Its area is 4,419 square kilometers, and its population is 102,700 (2003 estimate). It is a hilly region with an average elevation of 1,500 meters, with the highest peak being Mount Parnon (1,937 meters at its peak at Mareboth). It has a coastline of 64 kilometers along the west coast of the Gulf of Argos, and is separated from other prefectures by high mountains and gorges. It was an isolated region for a long time, but now the Argos-Tripolis-Kalamata railway runs through it. There is also a major highway centered on the prefecture capital, Tripolis. Its main industries are agriculture and livestock farming. It has been depicted in many novels and poems by G. K. Chesterton, P. Sidney, and others, and is synonymous with idyllic utopia. [Tomoko Mashita] historyThe dialect of this area still retains ancient elements, making it an interesting region from a linguistic point of view. However, it is thought that it did not play a very important role politically, and there are only a few remains from the Mycenaean period. From the 6th century BC, the cities of Arcadia were forcibly ruled by Sparta, and they tried to rebel against it several times but failed. In the 4th century BC, with the help of Thebes, they founded Megalopolis, famous for being the birthplace of Polybius, and formed the Arcadian League, but soon submitted to Macedonian rule. In 235 BC, they joined the Achaean League, fought against Rome, but were defeated and submitted to Rome. Arcadia did not play a leading role in the ancient Greek world due to internal conflicts between the cities. However, during the classical and Hellenistic periods, it became famous as a supplier of mercenaries, a place of worship of various gods, and an idyllic utopia. [Hidenobu Mashita] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ギリシア南部、ペロポネソス半島中央部の県。古代にアルカディアとよばれた地域とほぼ重なる。県都トリポリス。面積4419平方キロメートル、人口10万2700(2003推計)。平均標高1500メートルの丘陵地帯で、最高峰はパルノン山(マレボス山頂で1937メートル)。アルゴス湾西岸沿いに64キロメートルの海岸線をもつほかは、高い山や峡谷が他県との間を分けている。長く孤立した地域であったが、現在はアルゴス―トリポリス―カラマタ鉄道が貫通する。県都トリポリスを中心とする大幹線道路も整っている。おもな産業は農業と牧畜である。G・K・チェスタートン、P・シドニーなどによって多くの小説や詩に描かれ、牧歌的理想郷の代名詞とされている。 [真下とも子] 歴史この地の方言には古い要素が残存しており、言語学的には興味ある地域である。しかし、政治上はあまり重要な役割を果たさなかったと考えられ、ミケーネ時代の遺跡はごくわずかしかない。紀元前6世紀よりアルカディアの諸都市は強引にスパルタの支配を受け、何度かこれに反抗を試みたが失敗した。前4世紀テーベの助力のもとに、ポリビオスの出身地で有名なメガロポリスを設立し、アルカディア同盟を結成したが、まもなくマケドニアの支配に服した。前235年にはアカイア同盟に加入、ローマと戦ったが敗れ、ローマに服属した。アルカディアは諸市間の内紛があって古代ギリシア世界で指導的役割を果たせなかった。しかし、古典期、ヘレニズム時代は傭兵(ようへい)の供給地ならびに諸神の崇拝地として、さらに牧歌的理想郷として有名になった。 [真下英信] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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