The Controversy Between the Old and the New (English: Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes)

Japanese: 新旧論争 - しんきゅうろんそう(英語表記)Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes
The Controversy Between the Old and the New (English: Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes)

A great literary debate that took place in France from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. Since the Renaissance, the worship of antiquity had been a common trend, but the gradually awakening modern spirit began to question this trend, and this debate arose when Jean Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin (1595-1676), for example, claimed that his plays were comparable to Virgil's Aeneid, and Fontenelle ridiculed the ancients. In January 1687, when Perrault wrote in his poem The Century of Louis the Great that literature under the reign of Louis XIV was no less than that of the ancients, a fierce debate broke out between him, Boileau, La Fontaine, and La Bruyère. With Fontenelle's admission to the Academie in 1691, the modernists temporarily gained the upper hand, but the ancients quickly regained their footing. However, the two sides were finally reconciled when Fénelon published "Letters to the Academie" (1716). This long-running debate was of great significance in that it laid the groundwork for 18th-century literature and thought.

[Kubota Haniya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

17世紀末から18世紀初頭にかけてフランスで行われた文学上の大論争。ルネサンス以来、古代崇拝が一般的な風潮であったが、しだいに目覚めつつあった近代精神がこの風潮に疑問を抱き始めたために生じた論争で、たとえばデマレ・ド・サン・ソルランJean Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin(1595―1676)は自作の劇がウェルギリウスの『アエネイス』に匹敵するものだと主張し、また、フォントネルは古代人を嘲笑(ちょうしょう)した。1687年1月、ペローがその詩『ルイ大王の世紀』で、ルイ14世治下の文学が古代に劣らないと歌うに及んで、ボアロー、ラ・フォンテーヌ、ラ・ブリュイエールとの間に激しく論戦が繰り広げられた。1691年フォントネルのアカデミー入りで、一時近代派は優位にたったが、古代派もすぐに盛り返した。しかし、フェヌロンが『アカデミーへの手紙』(1716刊)を発表し、ようやく両派を和解させた。長期にわたったこの論争は、18世紀の文学と思想の下地をつくったという点において、大きな意義をもつものであった。

[窪田般彌]

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