Transnationalism is a transnational or supranational idea or movement that seeks to gradually and partially change the current international society in which the nation-state, which is also a sovereign state, is the sole and highest constituent unit and actor. The nation-state system that arose in modern Europe has expanded throughout the world today as the organizing principle of international society. In contrast to nationalism and parochialism, which argue that if each nation-state pursues its own interests, values such as peace, security, and prosperity of humanity will be realized to the highest degree, transnationalism takes the position that the nation-state system is an obstacle to the realization of such values. However, it differs from the world government theory in that it does not argue that a single authority that transcends nations should be established all at once. Today, as the world's interdependence increases, transnational activities have become more prominent, especially in the economic and cultural spheres, and the claims of transnationalism have become somewhat more realistic. In the economic sphere, multinational corporations are the most representative example of this, and nations have come to view transnational economic activity as indispensable. In the cultural sphere as well, individual citizens and private organizations are becoming more active in international activities that are separate from national borders, and new transnational values are beginning to emerge. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
領土主権国家でもある国民国家を唯一最高の構成単位,行為主体としている今日までの国際社会の現状を,漸進的,部分的に改変していこうとする脱国家的,超国家的な理念や動き。近代ヨーロッパに発生した国民国家体系は国際社会の組織原理として,今日,全世界に拡大した。それぞれの国民国家が各自の利益を追求していけば,人類の平和,安全,繁栄などの価値が最高度に実現されるとするナショナリズム,パロキアリズムの主張に対して,国民国家体系はまさにそうした価値の実現を阻害すると考えるのがトランスナショナリズムの立場である。しかし,一挙に国家を超越する単一権力を樹立すべきであると主張しないところは,世界政府論などと異なる。今日,世界の相互依存関係が増大しているため,特に経済面,文化面においてトランスナショナルな活動が顕著になっており,トランスナショナリズムの主張はいくぶんかの現実味を帯びるようになった。経済面では多国籍企業が最もよくそうした兆候を代表しており,国家もトランスナショナルな経済活動を不可欠とみるようになっている。文化面でも市民個人や民間団体の国家から離れた国際活動が活発となり,新しいトランスナショナルな価値観が生れつつある。
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