Soup - Soup

Japanese: 汁物 - しるもの
Soup - Soup

It is one of the four important pillars of Japanese cuisine. In the past, it was also called atsumono (a soup with soup). It is called one soup and three side dishes, and the four main pillars are soup, sashimi, grilled food, and simmered food, with the other dishes being accompaniments in between. Soup can be broadly divided into clear soup and cloudy soup, but when it is served with sake, it is called suimono, and when it is served with rice, it is sometimes called jiru.

[Tetsunosuke Tada]

The three elements of soup

Soup has three elements, and unless these are in harmony, the umami flavor will not come out. First, it is essential to choose an appropriate ingredient for the soup topping. There are many ingredients, including sea bream, tilefish, flounder, shrimp, conger eel, icefish, clams, oysters, clams, mussels, eggs, chicken, and pork. The next important ingredient is the soup topping. This is a plant-based ingredient, and there are many such as daikon, carrots, burdock, mitsuba, potatoes, spinach, butterbur, green sprouts, snow peas, Japanese parsley, udo, bamboo shoots, shiitake mushrooms, matsutake mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, and wakame seaweed. The other element is the mouthpiece. This is a very small amount, but the taste of the soup is greatly improved by the mouthpiece. Typical ingredients include kinome (leaf buds), sansho (Japanese pepper), ginger, wasabi, yuzu (Japanese citrus), sudachi (Japanese citrus fruit), kabosu (Japanese citrus fruit), lemon, mustard, chili pepper, pepper, green onion sprouts, sesame, and nori (seaweed). Wan-dane and wan-zuma can be classified into "sashiire" (offerings) and "nikomi" (stewed dishes). "Sashiire" are prepared in advance, while "nikomi" are added to the soup and then simmered. Sashiire includes things that are salted and boiled for a while, things that are Yoshino-uchi (coated with kuzuko or katakuri starch), things that are steamed (such as egg tofu), things that are fried, and things that are fried by pouring boiling water over them to remove the oil. Stir-fried foods are often used in miso soup.

[Tetsunosuke Tada]

Seasoning the soup

Clear soups are mainly seasoned with dashi stock made from kelp and bonito flakes, seasoned with salt and a little soy sauce. Ushio soups are made by boiling the ingredients and using the umami that comes out of them. Sea bream, sea bass, clams and other fish are used for this. Soft-shelled turtle soups are a variation of this. A typical cloudy soup is made with miso, which can use either red or white miso, or a fukusa style that combines the two. Awase miso uses a combination of two or three types of miso. Rikyu style is a miso soup with ground white sesame seeds added. Koikoku is a miso soup made with miso, in which carp is cut into tubes and boiled for a long time. There are a wide variety of soups, including mizore soup with grated daikon radish, unohana soup with soybean pulp, surinagashi soup with minced fish, kasu soup with sake lees, dainagon soup with natto, and tororo soup made with grated yam.

[Tetsunosuke Tada]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

日本料理の重要な四本柱料理の一つ。古くは、あつもの(羹)ともいった。一汁三菜といい、汁、刺身、焼き物、煮物の四つが大柱で、ほかの料理はその間に入る添え物である。汁は大別して澄まし汁と濁り汁とになるが、酒を相手のときは吸い物といい、飯のときには汁といういい方をすることもある。

[多田鉄之助]

汁物の三要素

汁物には三つの要素があり、これが調和しないとうま味が出てこない。まず、椀種(わんだね)に適する材料を選ぶことが肝要である。タイ、アマダイ、ヒラメ、エビ、アナゴ、シラウオ、ハマグリ、カキ、アサリ、シジミ、鶏卵、鶏肉、豚肉のほかにも多くの材料がある。次に重要なのは椀づまである。これは植物性の材料で、ダイコン、ニンジン、ゴボウ、ミツバ、イモ、ホウレンソウ、フキ、カイワレ菜、キヌサヤエンドウ、セリ、ウド、タケノコ、シイタケ、マツタケ、シメジ、ワカメなど数多くある。もう一つの要素は吸い口である。これはごく少量だが、汁物の味は吸い口によってぐんと向上する。代表的なものには、木の芽、花ザンショウ、ショウガ、ワサビ、ユズ、スダチ、カボス、レモン、からし、トウガラシ、こしょう、芽ネギ、ごま、のりなどがある。椀種と椀づまの二つは「差し入れ」と「煮込み」とに分類できる。「差し入れ」はまえもってつくっておくもので、「煮込み」は汁に入れてから煮るものである。差し入れ物は、塩をしてしばらくしてゆでるもの、吉野打ち(葛粉(くずこ)かかたくり粉をまぶす)をするもの、蒸して使うもの(たとえば卵豆腐など)、揚げて使うもの、熱湯を注いで油抜きする油揚げなどがある。みそ汁には煮込み物が多く使われる。

[多田鉄之助]

汁の味つけ

澄まし仕立ての調味は昆布とかつお節のだし汁を主として、塩で味つけしてしょうゆを少々加える。潮(うしお)仕立ての汁は、煮立てて材料から出るうま味を利用する。これにはタイ、スズキ、ハマグリなどを用いる。すっぽん仕立てはその応用種である。濁り汁では代表的なものがみそ仕立てであり、赤みそと白みそそれぞれの用い方、両者を混ぜ合わせた袱紗(ふくさ)仕立てがある。合わせみそは2、3種のみそを合わせて用いる。利久(りきゅう)仕立ては、白ごまをすって加えるみそ汁である。鯉(こい)こくはみそ仕立てで、コイを筒切りにして長時間煮込む。だいこんおろしを加えたのをみぞれ汁、おからを加えると卯(う)の花汁、魚のすり身を入れたすり流し汁、酒粕(さけかす)を加えた粕汁、納豆を加える大納言(だいなごん)汁、ナガイモをすって用いるとろろ汁など、汁物は豊富にある。

[多田鉄之助]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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