...The size of the natural villages of the kalya varies widely and is not uniform. In the case of large villages, there were often small settlements called kafr or mansha' around them. These were branch villages that formed around the main village as a result of the expansion of cultivated land and population growth due to the digging of waterways, or the settlement of nomads, and the amount of tax paid was calculated together with that of the main village. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "manshā'" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…自然村であるカルヤの規模は大小さまざまであって一定していない。大きなむらの場合には,その周辺にカフルkafrあるいはマンシャーmanshā’と呼ばれる小さな集落のできていることがよくあった。これは,水路の開削に伴う耕地の拡大や人口の増加,あるいは遊牧民の定着などを契機として親むらのまわりに形成された枝むらであって,租税の納付額は親むらと合わせて計算されていた。… ※「manshā'」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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