Silicone rubber

Japanese: シリコーンゴム - しりこーんごむ(英語表記)silicone rubber
Silicone rubber

It is also called silicon rubber. Its abbreviation according to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standard is Q. Raw rubber is a linear polymer with several thousand or more organosiloxane bond units -Si(R,R')-O-, and is a transparent, somewhat fluid viscoelastic material. Polydimethylsiloxane (MQ), in which the organic groups R and R' are methyl groups, is crosslinked with organic peroxides. Vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ), in which some of the methyl groups have been replaced with vinyl groups, can be vulcanized with normal sulfur. There are phenyl silicone rubber (PMQ), in which some of the methyl groups have been replaced with phenyl groups, and fluoro silicone rubber (FVMQ), in which some of the methyl groups have been replaced with fluoroalkyl groups. Inorganic fillers such as silica are added during vulcanization. Vulcanized rubber has particularly excellent heat and cold resistance, and some can be used in a wide temperature range from 200°C to -90°C. It also has excellent ozone resistance, oil resistance, water resistance, and electrical properties, and the membrane has high gas permeability. Its disadvantages are that its tensile strength, tear strength and elongation are inferior to those of ordinary rubber, and it is expensive. As a special rubber, it is used in high-temperature places such as aircraft and automobiles, as packing, sealing, gaskets, covering for electric wires and cables, medical supplies, and food-related products.

Liquid silicone rubber is available in two types: the commonly used room temperature curing type, and a type that cures at slightly higher temperatures. There are also one-component types that cure with moisture in the air, and two-component types that crosslink with a curing agent. It is used in construction sealants, electrical insulation materials, mold impression materials, rubber rolls, etc.

[Kazuyoshi Fukuda]

[Reference items] | Liquid rubber | Synthetic rubber | Silicone | Siloxane

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ケイ素ゴムともいう。ASTM(アメリカ材料試験協会)の規格による略称はQ。生ゴムは、オルガノシロキサン結合単位-Si(R,R')-O-が数千以上の線状重合体であり、透明でやや流動性を示す粘弾性体である。有機の基R、R'がメチル基のポリジメチルシロキサン(MQ)は有機過酸化物で架橋する。メチル基の一部をビニル基にかえたビニルシリコーンゴム(VMQ)は通常の硫黄(いおう)加硫ができる。一部がフェニル基で置換したフェニルシリコーンゴム(PMQ)やフルオロアルキル基で置換したフルオロシリコーンゴム(FVMQ)などがある。加硫のときシリカなどの無機充填(じゅうてん)剤を加える。加硫ゴムは耐熱性と耐寒性がとくに優れており、200℃から零下90℃の広い温度範囲で使用できるものがある。耐オゾン性、耐油性、耐水性、電気特性なども優れており、膜は気体透過性が大きい。欠点は、引張り強度、引裂き強度および伸びが通常のゴムより劣り、価格も高い。特殊ゴムとして航空機や自動車など高温の場所に使われるパッキング、シーリング、ガスケット、電線やケーブルの被覆、医療用品や食品関連用品などの用途がある。

 液状シリコーンゴムは、一般に普及している室温硬化タイプと、やや高温で硬化するタイプがある。さらに空気中の水分で硬化する一液型と、硬化剤により架橋する二液型がある。建築用シーラント、電気絶縁材、型取り印象材、ゴムロールなどに使われている。

[福田和吉]

[参照項目] | 液状ゴム | 合成ゴム | シリコーン | シロキサン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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