It is a general term for organopolysiloxane, a polymer of organosilicon compounds with a siloxane bond -Si(R 1 R 2 )-O- backbone to which organic groups R such as methyl, vinyl or phenyl are bonded. It was developed by the American company Dow Corning before World War II. The manufacturing method involves adding a metal catalyst such as copper or silver to metallic silicon, and then heating an organic halogen compound (Rcl) to cause a reaction. The resulting mixture of organohalogenosilanes is separated by precision distillation and converted to silanols by hydrolysis. The silanols undergo a condensation reaction promoted by the by-product hydrochloric acid gas to become polysiloxanes. Silicones are classified according to their molecular weight (degree of polymerization) into low molecular weight silicone oils, silicone greases, silicone rubbers, and silicone resins. They have excellent heat and cold resistance and can be used in a wide temperature range from 260°C to -90°C. They also have excellent water resistance, chemical resistance, and electrical insulation. [Hiroshi Kakiuchi] "Plastic Technology Encyclopedia 17: Silicone Resin" (1971), edited and published by the Industrial Research Association ; "Silicon and Silicone: How it has progressed from Stone Age tools, ancient pottery, to modern ceramics, computers, and space materials," written by Eugene George Rocoe and translated by Shozo Miki et al. (1990, Springer-Verlag Tokyo); "Silicone Handbook," edited by Kunio Ito (1990, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun) ; "Applications and Development of Silicone," edited by Tetsuya Mayuzumi (1998, CMC) ; "Polymer Materials Series: The Latest Market for Silicone," edited and published by CMC (1999) [Reference items] | | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
シロキサン結合-Si(R1R2)-O-を骨格とし、これに有機の基Rとしてメチル基、ビニル基やフェニル基などが結合している有機ケイ素化合物のポリマーオルガノポリシロキサンの総称である。アメリカのダウ・コーニング社によって第二次世界大戦前に開発された。製法は、銅、銀などの金属触媒を金属ケイ素に加え、有機ハロゲン化合物(Rcl)を加熱して反応させる。得られたオルガノハロゲノシランの混合物を精密分留により分離し、加水分解でシラノールにする。シラノールは、副生した塩酸ガスにより縮合反応が促進されてポリシロキサンになる。 シリコーンは、その分子量(重合度)によって、低分子量のシリコーン油からシリコーングリース、シリコーンゴム、シリコーン樹脂(ケイ素樹脂)に分類される。性質は耐熱、耐寒に優れ、260℃から零下90℃という広い温度範囲で使用できる。耐水、耐薬品性、電気絶縁性も優れている。 [垣内 弘] 『工業調査会編・刊『プラスチック技術全書17 シリコーン樹脂』(1971)』▽『ユージン・ジョージ・ロコー著、三木昭三ほか訳『ケイ素とシリコーン――石器時代の道具、古代陶器、現代のセラミックス、コンピュータ、宇宙材料への道をどのように進歩してきたか』(1990・シュプリンガーフェアラーク東京)』▽『伊藤邦雄編『シリコーンハンドブック』(1990・日刊工業新聞社)』▽『黛哲也編『シリコーンの応用展開』(1998・シーエムシー)』▽『シーエムシー編・刊『高分子材料シリーズ シリコーンの最新市場』(1999)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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