Yakut people - Yakut (English spelling)

Japanese: ヤクート族 - ヤクートぞく（英語表記）Yakut

They call themselves Sakha. They are the main inhabitants of the Sakha Republic in Russia. They are now almost Russified. They have a population of about 360,000. They lived in the middle reaches of the Lena River 300 years ago, but despite the decline of other Siberian peoples, they continued to expand, and by 1960, the majority of the population was in the entire Lena River basin and its surrounding areas. They are morphologically similar to the Central Asian type of Mongoloid, and their language is a branch of Turkic languages. Despite living in an extremely cold region, they mainly raise cattle from the southern grasslands of their original homeland, but they also fish, and dairy products make up the majority of their diet. However, in recent years, the number of settled agriculturalists has been increasing due to the influence of Russians. They live in a patrilineal clan system and exogamy is practiced, but women have a high status and have played an important role in clan and family meetings. In religion, shamanism is popular, with black shamans in charge of evil spirits and white shamans in charge of charitable acts.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

自称ではサハ Sakha。ロシアのサハ共和国の基幹住民。現在はほとんどロシア化されている。人口約 36万。 300年前，レナ川中流域に住んでいたが，他のシベリア諸民族が衰退していったにもかかわらず，拡大の一途をたどり，1960年にはレナ川全流域およびその周辺地域に人口の大半を擁するようになった。形質的にはモンゴロイドの中央アジア型に類似しており，またその言語はチュルク諸語の一派である。極寒地に住んでいるにもかかわらず，原郷の南方草原からの飼牛経済を中心に漁労も行い，酪農生産物が食物の大半を占める。しかし近年ロシア人の影響で定住農耕民が増加しつつある。父系氏族制で族外婚が行われているが，女性の地位は高く，氏族や家族会議でも重要な役割を果してきた。宗教では，シャーマニズムが盛んであり，悪霊は黒シャーマンが，慈善行為は白シャーマンが司っていた。

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