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A famous celadon kiln from the Song Dynasty in China. There are two meanings to the name Ru Kiln. One is that it is a kiln for local celadon, widely distributed in Yanhedian, Gahuagou, Xiarencun, Wushanshan, Chengou, Taoshangou, Ganggou, Chenjiazhuang, Huangyao, and Shibanhe in Linru County, Henan Province. It is a rich celadon with a deep olive green celadon glaze on a grayish-white base. It is believed to have been opened in the early Northern Song Dynasty by learning the pottery techniques of the Yuezhou kiln in the south, and produced masterpieces from the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty. The other meaning is that it was a Northern Song official kiln, and it is called Ru official kiln or Ru kiln. Based on the fact that Zhou Hui of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in the Qingbo Zasshi that "Ruzhou was forbidden to be fired in the imperial court," it is assumed that an official kiln existed here, and the group of noble devitrified celadons that have been handed down to the world are called Ru official kilns. In this case, there is no evidence to support the fact that the works were produced in an ancient kiln.

[Yoshiaki Yabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、宋(そう)代の青磁の名窯。汝窯には二つの義がある。一つは河南(かなん／ホーナン)省臨汝(りんじょ)県厳和店、軋花溝(あっかこう)、下任村、蜈蜙山(ごしょうざん)、陳溝、桃山溝、崗溝(こうこう)、陳家荘、黄窯、石板河に広く分布している古窯址(し)、いわゆる地方青磁の窯の意である。灰白色の素地(きじ)にオリーブグリーンの深い青緑色の青磁釉(ゆう)をかけた、滋味豊かな青磁で、南方の越州窯の陶技を受け北宋前期に開窯したと推測され、北宋末から金代に秀作を焼造した。これに対していま一つは北宋官窯の意で、汝官窯あるいは汝窯とよぶ。南宋の周輝が『清波雑志』のなかで、「汝州は宮中の禁焼なり」と述べていることを踏まえて、ここに官窯があったと考え、世に伝存する失透性の高貴な一群の青磁を汝官窯とよぶ。この場合、作品を古窯で裏づける実証はない。

［矢部良明］

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