Indulgence - indulgentia; indulgence

Japanese: 贖宥 - しょくゆう（英語表記）indulgentia; indulgence

A term used in the Catholic Church. Today, the term indulgence is commonly used. It refers to the forgiveness or atonement of the limited punishment associated with sins that have already been forgiven through the sacrament of confession. Instead of each person making all of their own penance for their sins, the merits of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and other saints are offered to God, and the Church recognizes this substitution by its authority. There are plenary indulgences and partial indulgences. Plenary indulgences forgive all limited punishment and are given at the time of a jubilee or at the time of death, while partial indulgences forgive part of limited punishment and are usually limited to a period of time such as 40 days, 70 days, 100 days, 1 year, or 7 years. To receive an indulgence, one must possess the grace of sanctification, have the will to receive it and trust in its effectiveness, repent of sins, and perform good works as compensation. Good works were expanded from prayer, receiving the sacraments, and visiting churches to donations, and were used to fund things like building churches and Crusades. Martin Luther's protest against indulgences for the donations to build St. Peter's Basilica in 1517 sparked the Reformation. Since the Council of Trent (1545-63), restrictions have been put in place on abuse. (→ Indulgences)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

カトリック教会用語。今日では免償の語が一般に用いられる。告解の秘跡を受けてすでにゆるされた罪に伴う，有限の罰のゆるしや償却をいう。各人がみずからの罪の償いをことごとく果たす代わりにキリスト，聖母をはじめとする諸聖人の功徳が神に捧げられることで，教会がその権威によってこの代替を認める。全贖宥と分贖宥があり，全贖宥は有限の罰のすべてをゆるし，聖年大赦や臨終の際与えられ，分贖宥は有限の罰の一部をゆるし，普通，40日，70日，100日，1年，7年など，期限付きである。贖宥を受けるには，成聖の恩恵の所持，受ける意志とその有効性への信頼，罪の悔い改めとその償いとしての善業の実践などが必要とされる。善業が，祈り，秘跡受領，聖堂訪問から献金へと拡大され，聖堂建設，十字軍遠征の費用などの財源にあてられるまでになり，1517年聖ペテロ大聖堂建立の献金のための贖宥に対するマルチン・ルターの抗議が宗教改革の口火となった。トリエント公会議（1545～63）以来，濫用の規制がなされた。（→免罪符）

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