Am. Atomic number 95. Group 3 actinide element with electron configuration [Rn]5f 7 7s 2. The fourth transuranium element to be discovered. In 1944, GT Seaborg and others at the University of Chicago Alloy Laboratory, part of the Manhattan Project for the purpose of building an atomic bomb, identified a nuclide with mass number 241 as a beta decay product of 241 Pu produced by sequential neutron absorption of 239 Pu in an atomic reactor. It is obtained by solvent extraction of the beta decay products of Pu and ion exchange. Silvery-white metal. Density 13.69 g cm -3 . Melting point 1267 °C, boiling point 2873 °C. First ionization energy 579 kJ mol -1 (6.0 eV). Usual oxidation states 3 to 6. It produces oxides AmO, AmO2 , Am2O3 , and AmO2 , hydrides AmH2 and AmH3 , and chlorides AmCl2 and AmCl3 . In aqueous solution, Am3 + is pink, Am4 + is rose-colored, AmO2 + is yellow, and AmO22 + is light brown. There are currently 15 known isotope nuclides in the range of 232 to 248. The nuclide with mass number 243 has the longest life with a half-life of 7370 y, while 241 Am undergoes alpha decay (5.6 MeV) after 433 y. Smoke detectors that use these alpha rays are widely used. At the same time, they emit 60 keV gamma rays, and are used in fluid density meters, thickness gauges, aircraft fuel gauges, gas chromatography detectors, and more. [CAS 7440-35-9] Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
Am.原子番号95の元素.電子配置[Rn]5f 77s2の周期表3族アクチノイド元素.4番目に発見された超ウラン元素.1944年,原爆製造目的のマンハッタン・プロジェクト・シカゴ大学合金研究所で,G.T. Seaborg(シーボーグ)らによって,原子炉中で239Puの逐次中性子吸収でできる241Puのβ崩壊生成物として,質量数241の核種が確認された.Puのβ崩壊生成物の溶媒抽出,イオン交換法により得られる.銀白色の金属.密度13.69 g cm-3.融点1267 ℃,沸点2873 ℃.第一イオン化エネルギー579 kJ mol-1(6.0 eV).通常の酸化数3~6.酸化物AmO,AmO2,Am2O3,AmO2,水素化物AmH2,AmH3,塩化物AmCl2,AmCl3をつくる.水溶液中で Am3+ はピンク,Am4+ はバラ色,AmO2+は黄色,AmO22+は淡褐色.現在,知られている同位体核種は,232~248の範囲に15種.質量数243の核種がもっとも長寿命で半減期7370 y,241Amは433 y でα崩壊(5.6 MeV)する.このα線を利用した煙感知器は広く使用されている.同時に60 keV のγ線を放出し,流体密度計,厚み計,航空機の燃料ゲージ,ガスクロマトグラフィー用検出器などにも利用されている.[CAS 7440-35-9] 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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