Ventriloquism

Japanese: 腹話術 - ふくわじゅつ
Ventriloquism

A speech technique in which the mouth is not moved. In English, it is called ventriloquism, which comes from the Latin venter (abdomen) and loquor (speak). It was associated with religion and witchcraft in ancient Egypt and Greece, and is still practiced today among the aboriginal people of Africa and New Zealand, but it is more commonly known today as a form of entertainment in vaudeville, in which the performer appears to converse with a puppet he is holding. The puppet's speaking parts are done using a falsetto voice, and the performer pronounces the words without moving his lips. In 1936, American comedian Edgar Bergen performed a public radio program using a puppet named Charlie McCarthy, which gained popularity, and the puppet was also featured in films, spreading worldwide. It became popular in Japan around 1939, and professional ventriloquists began to appear. It is a form of entertainment that even amateurs can learn relatively easily if they avoid using voiced or semi-voiced sounds of the ma and ha sounds in the lines of the puppets and use tricks such as hiding the mouth movements with fake beards. The puppets are often manually operated, and the heads and eyes as well as the mouths are movable.

[Soya Mukai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

口を動かさずにしゃべる話術。英語では、ベントリロキズムventriloquismというが、ラテン語のventer(腹部)とloquor(話す)に由来する。古代エジプトやギリシアなどで宗教や妖術(ようじゅつ)と結び付いて存在、今日でもアフリカやニュージーランドの原住民の間に残されているが、今日一般に知られているのは寄席(よせ)演芸としてのそれで、演者が抱いた人形と対話するようにみせかけるものである。人形の話す部分に裏声を用い、口唇を動かさずに発音する方法をとる。1936年、アメリカのコメディアン、エドガー・バーゲンがチャーリー・マッカーシーと名づけた人形を使ってラジオの公開放送で演じたのが評判となり、映画にも出演、世界的に広まった。日本では39年(昭和14)ごろから流行、専門の腹話術師が輩出した。人形の台詞(せりふ)にマ行音およびハ行の濁音・半濁音を用いることを避け、また付け髭(ひげ)で口の動きを隠すなどのくふうを施せば素人(しろうと)にも比較的容易に会得できる演芸である。人形は手動で、口はもちろん、首や目が動くようになっているものが多い。

[向井爽也]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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