Job introduction - Job introduction

Both companies looking to hire employees and people looking for work are asked to register, and the agency then mediates between the two parties to create new employment relationships. Job placement services are broadly divided into free placement services provided by Hello Work (public employment security offices) and universities, and paid placement services provided by private businesses. In response to the worsening employment situation and increased employment mobility following the collapse of the bubble economy, deregulation of job placement services has been progressing in recent years.

For a long time, the Employment Security Law positioned job placement as a national monopoly business, requiring private placement agencies to obtain permission from the Minister of Labor, and target industries were mainly nurses, housekeepers, entertainers, and engineers. However, in 1997, the government ratified the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 181, which called for the use of human resources businesses, and in 1999, a revised Employment Security Law was enacted that, in principle, liberalized the target industries for job placement. Private job placement is now possible for all occupations except construction and port transport, and the number of private businesses has exceeded 16,000.

The government continued to amend the Employment Security Law, and in 2000 introduced a system of temporary employment with the intention of permanent employment, whereby a temporary worker works for a company for a set period of time and then becomes a permanent employee if the company and the individual agree. Since 2004, local governments have been able to provide free job placement services with just a notification. However, despite deregulation, the number of employment placements through private employment placement services remains at around one-tenth of that of public employment placement services. Also, if a service only provides job and job-seeking information, like a job information magazine, and does not actually perform the job placement business, it does not qualify as job placement.

[Editorial Department]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

従業員を募集している企業と職を探している人の両方に登録してもらい、双方を斡旋(あっせん)して新たな雇用関係をとりもつこと。ハローワーク（公共職業安定所）や大学などの無料職業紹介と、民間事業者による有料職業紹介に大別される。バブル経済崩壊後の雇用情勢の悪化や雇用の流動化を受け、近年、職業紹介の規制緩和が進んでいる。

　職業安定法は長く職業紹介を国の独占事業に位置づけ、民間紹介業者は労働大臣の許可を受ける必要があり、対象業種は看護師、家政婦、芸能人、エンジニアなどが中心であった。しかし政府は1997年（平成9）、人材ビジネスの活用を求めた国際労働機関（ILO）181号条約を批准し、1999年には職業紹介の対象業種を原則自由化する改正職業安定法を施行。建設業、港湾運送を除くすべての職種の民間職業紹介が可能になり、民間事業所数は1万6000を超えている。

　政府はその後も職業安定法を改正し、2000年（平成12）には派遣社員が企業で一定期間働いたのち、その企業と本人が合意すれば正社員に切り替える紹介予定派遣の仕組みを導入。2004年からは、地方自治体が届け出だけで無料職業紹介できるようになった。ただ規制緩和にもかかわらず、民間の職業紹介による就職件数は公共職業紹介の10分の1程度にとどまっている。また、求人情報誌のように求人・求職情報の提供だけで斡旋業務をしなければ、職業紹介にはあたらない。

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