Born: January 8, 1721 (baptized) by Oswald Wissle [Died] April 22, 1778. Nottingham. British inventor. Also known as Hargraves. He invented the spinning jenny, a multi-spinning machine that could spin multiple threads. At the time he invented the spinning jenny, he was a poor, uneducated weaver living in Stanhill, near Blackburn, Lancaster. He initially tried to invent a carding machine (→ worsted yarn), but failed. Around 1764, he is said to have been inspired by the movement of a spinning wheel that his daughter Jenny accidentally knocked over, and invented the double hand spinning machine. He named the prototype the spinning jenny and sold it, but hand spinners who feared losing their jobs broke into his house and destroyed the machine, so he moved to Nottingham in 1768. There, with the help of Thomas James, he established a spinning factory that produced socks and hosiery using the spinning jenny. He obtained a patent in 1770. (→ Industrial Revolution) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1721.1.8〈洗礼〉オズワルトウイスル [没]1778.4.22. ノッティンガム イギリスの発明家。Hargravesとも記す。一台で複数の糸を紡ぐ多軸紡績機,ジェニー紡績機を発明した。紡績機を考案した当時は,ランカスター州ブラックバーン付近のスタンヒルに住む,貧しく無学な紡織工であった。当初,梳毛機(→梳毛糸)を発明しようとして失敗。1764年頃,娘のジェニーが偶然倒した紡ぎ車の動きからヒントを得て複式手動紡績機を発明したとされる。ジェニー紡績機と名づけて試作品を売り出したが,失業を恐れる手紡工たちに押し入られ,機械を破壊され,1768年にノッティンガムに移住。そこでトマス・ジェームズを協力者に,ジェニー紡績機を使用して靴下やメリヤス類を製造する紡績工場を設立した。1770年に特許を取得した。(→産業革命) 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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