Shomeimon-in

Japanese: 承明門院 - しょうめいもんいん

Year of death: 15 August 1257
Year of birth: Joan 1 (1171)
A female emperor in the early and mid-Kamakura period. She was the harem of Emperor Gotoba and the mother of Emperor Tsuchimikado. Her name was Arishi. She was the daughter of Hossho-ji Temple Executive Inspector Noen and Emperor Gotoba's wet nurse Fujiwara Noriko (the daughter of Norikane). She served Emperor Gotoba as the Minister's Office, and in 1195 (Kenkyu 6), she gave birth to the first son, Tamehito (Emperor Tsuchimikado). Tamehito was brought up by the powerful vassal Minamoto no Michichika, and Arishi became Michichika's adopted daughter. This was because Noen fled the capital with the Taira clan, and his mother Noriko remarried Michichika. In the same year, Tamehito ascended to the throne, and the following year, in 1199, she was made Junior Third Rank and Empress Dowager, but by this time Gotoba's favor had shifted to Fujiwara Norisuke's daughter (Shumyomon'in). In 1202 (Kennin 2), she was given the title of In. After the Jōkyū War, he protected and looked after the children of Emperor Tsuchimikado, and one of them ascended to the throne (Emperor Gosaga), allowing him to spend his final years in abundance.

(Kiyoko Akiyama)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：正嘉1.7.5(1257.8.15)
生年：承安1(1171)
鎌倉前・中期の女院。後鳥羽天皇の後宮で,土御門天皇の母。名は在子。法勝寺執行法印能円と後鳥羽天皇の乳母藤原範子(範兼の娘)の子。宰相局と称して後鳥羽天皇に仕え,建久6(1195)年天皇とのあいだに第1皇子為仁(土御門天皇)を生んだ。為仁は権臣源通親に養育され,在子も通親の養女となった。これは能円が平氏と共に都落ちしたのち母範子が通親と再婚していたからである。同9年為仁が即位すると,その翌正治1(1199)年従三位,准后となったが,このころには後鳥羽の寵愛は藤原範季の娘(修明門院)に移っていた。建仁2(1202)年院号宣下。承久の乱後は土御門天皇の子どもたちを保護,後見したが,そのなかのひとりが即位したことにより(後嵯峨天皇),恵まれた晩年を送った。

(秋山喜代子)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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