It is an acute or chronic protozoal infection caused by the hemoflagellates Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodesiense. In the chronic form, the central nervous system is affected, leading to coma and death, hence the name sleeping sickness. It is transmitted by blood-sucking from stable flies, a type of tsetse fly. It is also called African sleeping sickness, as its distribution is limited to the equatorial region of the African continent, between 20 degrees north and 20 degrees south latitude, where tsetse flies live. The incubation period is generally 10 days to 3 weeks, but it can take 2 to 5 years for clinical symptoms to appear. There are two stages: the first stage is characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes, while the second stage affects the central nervous system, leading to symptoms of meningitis and encephalitis, and in severe cases, coma and death. For treatment, suramin and pentamidine are effective in the early stages, while in advanced cases, arsenicals such as triparthamide and melarsoprol, and nitrofurazone are effective. [Keizo Matsumoto and Masashi Yamamoto] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
住血鞭毛(べんもう)虫類に属するトリパノソーマ・ガンビエンスTrypanosoma gambienseと、トリパノソーマ・ローデシエンスT. rhodesienseによっておこる急性または慢性の原虫感染症で、慢性型では中枢神経系が侵され昏睡(こんすい)から死に至るために睡眠病とよばれる。ツェツェバエの1種であるサシバエに吸血されて感染する。睡眠病の分布はアフリカ大陸のツェツェバエが生息する北緯20度から南緯20度までの赤道中心地域に限定されているため、アフリカ睡眠病ともよばれる。潜伏期は一般に10日~3週間であるが、臨床症状の発現には2~5年もかかる場合がある。症状は1期と2期に分かれ、第1期では発熱やリンパ節腫脹(しゅちょう)を特徴とし、第2期では中枢神経系が侵されて髄膜炎や脳炎の症状がみられ、重症では昏睡から死に至る。 治療としては初期にスラミン、ペンタミジンなど、進行例にはトリパルサミド、メラルソプロールなどのヒ素剤やニトロフラゾンなどが有効である。 [松本慶蔵・山本真志] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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