In mathematics, a proof involves stating several propositions, and then, taking these propositions as premises, successively applying the rules of syllogism to these propositions or to the conclusions derived from them, in order to derive a new series of true conclusions. The propositions in this case essentially state fundamental relationships between several basic, undefined objects, and are directly recognizable as true; they are called axioms. A new conclusion arrived at through inference is called a theorem. Such proofs are sometimes called direct proofs. In contrast, indirect proofs involve negating a conclusion, leading to a contradiction, and thus to the truth of a given proposition. (→ Proof by contradiction) Proof |
数学でいう証明とは,いくつかの命題を定め,これらの命題を前提にして三段論法的規則を,これらの命題あるいはそこから得られた結論に,次々と適用することによって新しい真である結論の系列を導くことである。この場合の命題は,本質的にはいくつかの基本的,無定義的対象の間にある基本的関係を言明し,真であることが直接認識できるのであって,公理と呼ばれている。また,推論によって新しく得られた結論は,定理といわれる。以上の証明を直接証明 direct proofということがある。これに対して間接証明 indirect proofとは結論を否定して矛盾を導き,与えられた命題の真理性を導くことである。 (→背理法 )
証明
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