Spectator group - kankyakudantai

Japanese: 観客団体 - かんきゃくだんたい

Since ancient times, theatrical performances have always been accompanied by an audience, and dialogue with the audience has always enlivened the stage. However, since the Renaissance, especially from the 17th and 18th centuries, when actors became professionals, the stage became commercialized, and audiences began to pay admission fees, the issue of audiences was consciously brought to the table once again. In the 19th century, as the commercialization of theatrical arts progressed, audiences and promoters alike began to organize themselves to benefit financially from experimental or non-profit works and the promotion of repertory systems, all with the hope of protecting and developing theatrical arts. This led to the creation of various audience groups.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

古来，演劇上演には観客がつきものであり，観客との対話がつねに舞台を活性化している。しかし，ルネサンス以降，ことに17～18世紀から，俳優が職業化し，舞台が商品化して，観客が入場料を払うようになってから，あらためて観客の問題は意識的に俎上（そじよう）にのせられるようになった。19世紀に入り，営利事業化がいよいよ進むと，観客の側，興行の側ともどもから，実験的あるいは非営利的作品の上演や，レパートリー･システムの推進など，演劇芸術の擁護と発展を願いつつ，経済的に相互を利する観客の組織化が目立つようになり，各種の観客団体が生まれるにいたった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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