Woodsman's Judgement - Shodancho

Japanese: 樵談治要 - しょうだんちよう
Woodsman's Judgement - Shodancho

A political treatise by Ichijo Kaneyoshi, a nobleman and scholar of the Muromachi period. It is in one volume. In 1480 (Bunmei 12), at the request of the 9th Shogun, Ashikaga Yoshihisa, it outlines the essentials of government. Other works written with the same theme include Bunmei Ittouki, and Sayo no Nezame, written for Yoshihisa's mother (wife of the 8th Shogun, Yoshimasa), Hino Tomiko. The whole is made up of eight sections, explaining the attitude towards the nation's public activities and the mindset of a Shogun. (1) It emphasizes the public nature of rituals, and that ceremonies to worship gods should be public and not for personal gain, (2) that Buddhism should be respected from the standpoint of the unity of Confucianism and Buddhism, (3) that those in administrative positions should be upright and honest, (4) that in the administration of justice, one should be honest and distinguish between right and wrong based on reason without selfish desires, (5) the rules for selecting the Shogun's close aides, (6) that foot soldiers were "excessive villains" and should be suspended from long-term employment, (7) that women participating in politics should be people with a good understanding of reason, and (8) that a Shogun should have authority, among other things, all of which are based on historical and Japanese and Chinese examples. All of these preach ideals of ethics through abstract moral theory, but they did not become practical concrete measures. However, they do give us an insight into the social conditions of the time and the political thinking of the nobles.

[Ozawa Tomio]

"Gunsho Ruiju Miscellaneous" edited by Hanawa Hokiichi (1929, Gunsho Ruiju Complete Association)""Nihon Kyoiku Bunko 1" edited by the Dobunkan Editorial Department (1910, Dobunkan)""Nihon Keizai Taiten 1" edited by Takimoto Seiichi (1928, Shishi Shuppansha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

室町時代の公卿(くぎょう)で学者の一条兼良(いちじょうかねら)の政道書。1巻。1480年(文明12)9代将軍足利義尚(あしかがよしひさ)の請いに応じて、政道の詮要(せんよう)を述べたものである。これと同じ主旨で著述したものに『文明(ぶんめい)一統記』があり、同じく義尚の母(8代将軍義政(よしまさ)の妻)日野富子に書き与えたものに『小夜(さよ)のねざめ』がある。全体は8項目で構成され、国家の公的活動に関する心がけや、将軍としての心得が説かれている。(1)祭祀(さいし)の公共性を説き、神を祀(まつ)る行事が公のことであって、私のためでないこと、(2)儒仏一致の立場から仏法を尊ぶべきこと、(3)行政の任にあたる者は清廉正直であること、(4)司法にあたっては心正直で私欲なく道理に基づいて善悪を分別すべきこと、(5)将軍側近の者を選ぶ心得、(6)足軽(あしがる)は「超過した悪党」であるので長期任用を停止すべきこと、(7)女性の政治参与に関しては道理に明るい人であるべきこと、(8)将軍として威勢のあるべきこと――などが、歴史や和漢の故事によって強調されている。これらはいずれも観念的な道徳論により、人倫的理想が説かれるが、現実的な具体策とはなりえなかった。しかし当時の世相や公家の政治思想を知ることができる。

[小澤富夫]

『塙保己一編『群書類従 雑』(1929・群書類従完成会)』『同文館編集局編『日本教育文庫1』(1910・同文館)』『滝本誠一編『日本経済大典1』(1928・史誌出版社)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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