Salzmann - Christian Gotthilf Salzmann

A German philanthropist educator. He was a pastor, but was invited by Basedow to teach religion at the philanthropic school in Dessau (1781-1783), and opened a school in Schneppenthal with the support of the Prince of Gotha (1784). Known as the Salzmann School, it set "thinking, perseverance, and action" as its educational goals, aimed to cultivate the whole person with an emphasis on work and physical education, and emphasized the psychologicalization of educational methods and the cultivation of morality through training in communal living. He valued a family atmosphere and practiced small-group education to develop individuality, and wrote "The Little Book of the Crab" (1780) and "The Little Book of the Ant" (1806). Influenced by Rousseau, he promoted a naturalistic stance and developed progressive thought, but at the same time, he linked with feudal forces and became their spokesman (1801), and was criticized for being anti-humanistic.

[Masubuch Yukio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ドイツの汎愛(はんあい)派教育者。牧師であったがバゼドウに招かれてデッサウの汎愛学院で宗教を教え（1781～1783）、ゴータ侯の援助でシュネッペンタールに学校を開設（1784）。ザルツマン学校とよばれ、教育目標に「思考、忍耐、行動」を置き、作業と体育を重視した全人陶冶(とうや)を目ざし、教育方法の心理化と共同生活の訓練による道徳の涵養(かんよう)を強調。家庭的雰囲気を重んじ個性伸長の少人数教育を実践しながら『カニの小本』（1780）、『アリの小本』（1806）を著す。ルソーの影響を受けて自然主義の立場を推進し、進歩的思想を発展させたが、一方、封建勢力と結び付いてその代弁者となり（1801）、反ヒューマニズム的と非難もされた。

［増渕幸男］

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