Anthology. The word originates from the Greek anthos (flower) and legein (picking), meaning bouquet. Originally, it referred to a collection of epigrams in the elegiac style. Around 90 BC, Meleager of Gadara compiled a selection of works by 50 poets from the earliest period to the present. Using this as a basis, other similar works were planned, and then during the reign of Constantine VII (913-959), Constantine Cephalas attempted to re-edit the previous selections. The so-called Anthology (c. 980) is a revised and expanded edition of the original, containing works by over 300 poets from the 7th to 10th centuries BC. In 1301, Planudes further revised it, and it was introduced to Western European countries, where it had a great influence. Since the early modern period, anthologies have been compiled extensively, and in modern times, a great number of anthologies of various sizes have been published, ranging from comprehensive works to works by individual authors, divided by period, type, or subject. In particular, in England, there are works such as Tottle's Anthology (1557), which formed the basis of the flowering of Elizabethan poetry, T. Percy's Anthology of Old English Poetry (1765), one of the sources of Romanticism, and Paulgrave's The Golden Treasury (1861), which is considered a classic anthology. Japan has a rich tradition of anthologies such as the Manyoshu, the 21 imperial anthologies including the Kokinshu, and private anthologies, while China has the Book of Songs and Wenxuan. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
詞華集。語源はギリシア語 anthos (花) +legein (摘む) で,花束の意。本来はエレゲイア形式のエピグラム集をさし,前 90年頃ガダラのメレアグロスが,最初期から当代までの詩人 50人の作品の選集を編んだ。これを基礎として同類のものが次々に企画されたのち,コンスタンチヌス7世の治世 (913~959) にコンスタンチヌス・ケファラスがそれまでの詩選の再編集を試みた。いわゆる『ギリシア詞華集』 (980頃) は,それの改訂増補版ともいうべきもので,前7世紀から 10世紀にわたり 300をこえる詩人の作品を収めている。 1301年プラヌデスによってさらに改訂が加えられ,これが西ヨーロッパ諸国に伝えられて,大きな影響を与えることになった。近世以後アンソロジーの編纂は盛んに行われ,現代では大小さまざまな選集が,時代別,種類別,主題別に,また総合的なものから個人作家のものまで,おびただしく刊行されている。特にイギリスには,エリザベス朝の詩的開花の基盤となった『トトル詩選集』 (1557) ,ロマン派の源泉の一つとなった T.パーシーの『イギリス古詩拾遺』 (1765) ,アンソロジーの古典といわれるポールグレーブの『ゴールデン・トレジャリー』 (1861) などがある。日本には『万葉集』をはじめ『古今和歌集』以下の 21代勅撰和歌集や私家集などの豊かな伝統があり,中国にも『詩経』『文選』などがある。
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