The surname of the king and royal family of the Ryukyu Kingdom. It is said to have been bestowed by the Chinese emperor as the surname of the Ryukyu kings in the early 15th century, and it became customary to use this surname for generations thereafter. In Okinawan history, the royal line is particularly distinguished as the First Sho Dynasty and the Second Sho Dynasty. The First Sho Dynasty lasted for seven generations, from Sho Shisho (reigned 1406-1421) to Sho Toku (reigned 1461-1469). However, Sho Toku's early death and a coup d'état led to the First Sho Dynasty being driven from the throne, and instead the Second Sho Dynasty ruled for 19 generations, over 400 years, from Sho En (reigned 1470-1476) to Sho Tai (reigned 1848-1879). The last king, Shō Tai, was given the title of "King of the Ryukyu Domain" by the government when the Ryukyu Domain was established in 1872 (Meiji 5), and was made a marquis when the Ryukyu Disposition was established in 1879. In addition, the collateral lineage began to use the surname "Sho" in 1691 to distinguish them. The kings of the Ryukyu Kingdom were customarily invested by the Chinese emperor, but they consistently used the surname Sho when speaking with China and other foreign countries. However, China and the Tokugawa Shogunate called them Chuzan Kings, and the Shimazu clan also had them call themselves Kokushi (provincial governors) for a time, but later called them Chuzan Kings. [Takara Kurayoshi] ©Shogakukan "> Nao family / Brief family tree Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
琉球(りゅうきゅう)王国の王および王族の姓。15世紀初期、琉球国王の姓として中国皇帝より贈られたものといわれ、以後代々この姓を用いる習わしとなった。沖縄史上では、とくに第一尚氏・第二尚氏として王統を区別している。第一尚氏は尚思紹(しょうししょう)(在位1406~1421)から尚徳(しょうとく)(在位1461~1469)まで7代続いた。しかし尚徳の早世とクーデターにより第一尚氏は王位を追われ、かわって第二尚氏が尚円(しょうえん)(在位1470~1476)から尚泰(しょうたい)(在位1848~1879)まで、19代400年余にわたって王位についた。最後の国王尚泰は、1872年(明治5)琉球藩設置により政府から「琉球藩王」の称号を与えられ、1879年の琉球処分により侯爵となった。なお傍系は、区別のために1691年から「向(しょう)」姓を用いるようになった。 琉球国王は中国皇帝の冊封(さくほう)を受ける慣例となっていたが、中国はじめ海外諸国に対しては一貫して尚姓を用いた。ただし、中国や徳川幕府は中山(ちゅうざん)王と呼称し、島津氏も一時国司(こくし)を称させたが、のち中山王と称した。 [高良倉吉] ©Shogakukan"> 尚氏/略系図 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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