... refers to organisms that kill certain species of organisms through predation or parasitism, and thus suppress the reproduction of those species. They are broadly divided into predatory and parasitic natural enemies, with mongooses being an example of the former for snakes and ground wasps (which parasitise the larvae) for scarab beetles being an example of the latter. Originally, the term only referred to animals that were harmful to humans, especially those that eliminated pests, but ecologically they can be considered to be at the top of the food chain, suppressing the population increase of organisms lower down the chain and maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. *Some of the terminology that refers to "parasitic natural enemies" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…捕食や寄生によってある特定の種の生物を殺し,ひいてはその種の繁殖を抑えているような生物をいう。捕食性の天敵と寄生性の天敵に大別され,ヘビにとってのマングースが前者の,コガネムシにとってのツチバチ(幼虫に寄生する)が後者の例である。もともとは,人間にとって有害な動物ことに害虫を退治してくれる動物のみをいったが,生態学的には食物連鎖の上位にあって下位の生物の個体数増加を抑え,生態系の平衡を保っているものと位置づけることができる。… ※「寄生性天敵」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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