A tall tree of the Styrax family (APG classification: Styrax family), it grows to 20-25 meters. It is found in Sumatra and Java in Indonesia, and in Malacca in Malaysia. The bark is gray-brown and smooth, and the young branches have brown hairs. The leaves are 11 cm long, elliptical, pointed, stalked, and alternate. The upper surface is pale green and glossy, and the underside is covered with white hairs. The flowers bloom in clusters in the leaf axils, bell-shaped with five deep lobes, white to pale pink, covered with silvery white hairs on the outside, and reddish brown on the inside. The fruits are spherical, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, pale green, and covered with white powder. The trunk is cut, and the yellow sap that oozes out is collected and solidified to become the herbal medicine benzoin. It was once used as an expectorant, and the Japanese name comes from this medicinal effect. Currently, it is used in the manufacture of aromatics, as a preservative for household medicines, as a fragrance, as a fixative for perfumes, and as a deodorizer and preservative for fats. It is also in demand as a fragrance for churches. In the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the resin extracted from this species, as well as S. sumatranus JJ Smith and S. subpaniculatus Jungh et Vriese, which are found in Sumatra, Java, and Malacca, has long been called Sumatran benzoin. The main components are esters of benzoic acid and cinnamic acid, and also contain vanillin and benzylaldehyde. In addition, the resin obtained from the closely related S. tonkinensis Craib et Hartwich and S. benzoides Craib, which grow wild or are cultivated on the highlands of Thailand and Laos, is called Siamese benzoin in the Pharmacopoeia and is used as a fragrance. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika April 16, 2021] Since the major revision of the Pharmacopoeia in 1966, the distinction between Sumatra and Siamese was abolished, and the resin obtained from S. benzoin Dryander or plants of the same genus is now referred to as benzoin. [Editorial Department, April 16, 2021] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
エゴノキ科(APG分類:エゴノキ科)の高木で20~25メートルになる。インドネシアのスマトラ島、ジャワ島、マレーシアのマラッカに産する。樹皮は灰褐色で滑らか、若い枝には褐色の毛がある。葉は長さ11センチメートル、楕円(だえん)形で先がとがり、柄があって互生する。表面は淡緑色でつやがあり、裏面は白毛がある。花は葉腋(ようえき)に房状に集まって開き、鐘形で5深裂し、白色ないし淡紅色、外側は銀白色の毛に覆われ、内面は赤褐色を呈する。果実は球形で径2~2.5センチメートル、淡緑色で白粉をかぶっている。幹に傷をつけ、しみ出る黄色の樹液を集め、固めたものが生薬の安息香(あんそくこう)である。かつては去痰(きょたん)剤として用いられ、和名はこの薬効に由来する。現在は家庭薬の防腐剤や香料、化粧料、また香水の保留剤、脂肪の除臭・防腐剤として香脂の製造に用いられる。教会の薫香料としての需要もある。なお日本薬局方では、古くから本種および、スマトラ、ジャワ、マラッカなどに産するS. sumatranus J.J.Smithや、S. subpaniculatus Jungh et Vrieseから採取したものを、スマトラ安息香と称している。主成分は、安息香酸およびケイ皮酸のエステルで、ほかにワニリン、ベンジルアルデヒドなどを含む。また、タイ、ラオスの高原に野生し、あるいは栽培もされる近縁のS. tonkinensis Craib et HartwichおよびS. benzoides Craibから得られる樹脂を、局方ではシャム安息香とよび、香料に用いる。 [星川清親 2021年4月16日] 1966年(昭和41)の薬局方の大改訂以降は、スマトラとシャムの区別を廃し、S. benzoin Dryanderまたは同属の植物から得た樹脂をアンソッコウ(安息香)としている。 [編集部 2021年4月16日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Benzoic acid (English spelling)
...There is a small amount of flat land along the...
〘Noun〙 A title of a position in the Muromachi Shog...
Head of the Northern Hosso sect. Born in Nara Pre...
…The works of these writers, known as the “Writer...
…Externally, it is called the Air Self Defense Fo...
…When he accompanied Bishop Didacus to Rome, he c...
Landforms, the undulations and shapes of the Earth...
1892‐1975 Emperor of Ethiopia. Reigned 1930-1974. ...
…Dutch historian, also known as Geyle. He studied...
…The 19th century Western idea of “absolute mus...
…It appeared as a city of Wei from the Spring and...
The military branch whose main mission is amphibi...
(1) An old temple in Setsuzan, northeast of Nanjin...
A village in Shimoina County, southern Nagano Pref...
… In Japan, a tank unit was established in 1925, ...