Red seal letter - Shuinjo

Japanese: 朱印状 - しゅいんじょう
Red seal letter - Shuinjo

A type of samurai document from the Sengoku to Edo periods. It is also called teinjo or shuinjo. In the past, shuin were used on documents issued by Zen monks, but during the Sengoku period, feudal lords in various regions, mainly in the eastern part of Japan, began to use inhanjo, which had a seal stamped on it instead of a kao, to issue orders for government and military affairs. Among these, official documents using shuinjo are shuinjo, and famous examples include the Imagawa clan's "Nyoritsuryo" seal, the Gohojo clan's "Tiger" seal, the Takeda clan's "Dragon" shuin, Oda Nobunaga's "Tenkafubu" seal, and the Uesugi clan's "Ritsuga Shogun Jizo Marishiten Iizuna Myojin" seal. This form was inherited until the early modern period, and was used when the shogun confirmed the ownership of a territory or gave permission to travel abroad. Towards the end of the early modern period, any seal issued by the shogun came to be called a shuin, regardless of the color of the seal.

[Toshiaki Ohkubo]

[Reference] | Seal | Stamp | Black stamp
Hideyoshi Toyotomi's red seal
A red seal letter addressed to Judge Seta. 1585 (Tensho 13). Copy held at the National Diet Library .

Hideyoshi Toyotomi's red seal

Oda Nobunaga's red seal letter
A red seal letter addressed to Shinano Hyobu no Jō. The seal "Tenka Fubu" can be seen. 1573 (Tenshō 1). Copy held at the National Diet Library .

Oda Nobunaga's red seal letter


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

戦国期~江戸期の武家文書の一形式。手印状、朱印ともいう。古くは禅僧の発給文書に朱印を用いたものがあるが、戦国期には、東国地方を中心に各地の大名が花押(かおう)にかわり印章を捺(お)した印判状をもって政務・軍事などの命令をすることが多くなった。そのうち朱印を使用した公式文書が朱印状で、今川氏の「如律令(にょりつりょう)」印、後北条(ごほうじょう)氏の「虎」の印判、武田氏の「龍」朱印、織田信長の「天下布武(てんかふぶ)」印、上杉氏の「立願勝軍地蔵摩利支天飯縄明神(りつがんしょうぐんじぞうまりしてんいいづなみょうじん)」印などが有名である。この形態は近世まで継承され、将軍による所領安堵(あんど)や海外渡航許可などの際に用いられた。近世末期になると、印章の色にかかわらず将軍の発給した印判状を朱印というようになった。

[大久保俊昭]

[参照項目] | 印章 | 印判状 | 黒印状
豊臣秀吉の朱印状
勢多判官にあてた朱印状。1585年(天正13) 写国立国会図書館所蔵">

豊臣秀吉の朱印状

織田信長の朱印状
信濃兵部丞にあてた朱印状。「天下布武」印がみられる。1573年(天正1) 写国立国会図書館所蔵">

織田信長の朱印状


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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