A representative aromatic carboxylic acid. It is a colorless sublimable crystal. It exists naturally in benzoin as a free or ester, and in Peru balsam and Tolu balsam as a benzyl ester. In the laboratory, it is obtained by oxidizing toluene with dichromate and sulfuric acid. Industrially, it was previously produced by the decarboxylation reaction of phthalic anhydride, but is now produced by air oxidation of toluene. It is poorly soluble in cold water, but is soluble in hot water and in organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol (ethyl alcohol). It is used in soy sauce as a preservative approved by the Food Sanitation Act, and as a mordant. It is also used as a medicine for local bactericides and fungicides, and as a keratin softener. The water-soluble sodium salt is used as a liver function diagnostic drug, a preservative disinfectant, and a preservative in soft drinks. [Masahiro Hirota] [References] | | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
代表的な芳香族カルボン酸。昇華性のある無色の結晶。天然には、安息香中に遊離およびエステルとして存在するほか、ペルーバルサム、トルーバルサム中にもベンジルエステルとして存在する。実験室的にはトルエンを重クロム酸塩と硫酸により酸化すると得られる。工業的には、以前は無水フタル酸の脱炭酸反応により製造していたが、現在はトルエンの空気酸化により製造している。冷水には溶けにくいが熱水にはよく溶け、アセトン、エタノール(エチルアルコール)などの有機溶媒にもよく溶ける。食品衛生法により許可された防腐剤としてしょうゆに用いられているほか、媒染剤などに用いられる。そのほか、医薬として局所の殺菌・防カビ剤や角質軟化剤にも用いられる。水溶性のナトリウム塩は肝機能診断薬や防腐殺菌剤、清涼飲料水の保存料として用いられる。 [廣田 穰] [参照項目] | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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