A South African black writer. Born in the slums of Pretoria (Tshwane), he qualified as a teacher despite harsh racial discrimination and poverty, and lived as a teacher in Johannesburg. In 1952, he was expelled from teaching for opposing the Bantu Education Act, and served as deputy editor of Drum magazine. Considered a dangerous person by the South African government, he fled to Nigeria in 1957. In 1959, he published Second Avenue, a novel about his childhood growing up in a slum, and is considered a masterpiece of autobiography. Before returning to his homeland permanently in 1978, he traveled around Kenya, France, the United States, Zambia, and other places, where he edited Black Orpheus magazine and organized the Congress of Cultural Freedom in Paris in 1961 and the first African Writers Conference in Kampala in 1962. His novels include The Wanderers (1971), and collections of short stories include One Must Live (1947), The Living and the Dead (1961), and At Corner B (1967), as well as the highly influential collection of essays Images of Africa (1962). His other works include the collection of essays Voices in the Whirlwind (1972), Chirundu (1979), a full-length novel written after South Africa's return to the country that satirizes the self-righteousness and incompetence of high-ranking bureaucrats in a fictional independent black country, and another autobiography, Africa, My Music (1984). Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
南アフリカ共和国の黒人作家。プレトリア(ツワネ)のスラムに生まれ,過酷な人種差別と貧困の中で教師の資格を取り,ヨハネスバーグで教師生活を送っていた。1952年バントゥー教育法に反対して教職を追放され,《ドラム》誌の副編集長を務める。南アフリカ政府から危険人物と見なされ,1957年ナイジェリアに亡命。この地で1959年に発表した《二番街にて》は貧民窟で育った子ども時代を描いており,自伝小説の傑作とされている。1978年に祖国に永久帰国するまでケニア,フランス,アメリカ,ザンビアなどを転々とし,《ブラック・オルフェウス》誌の編集に携わったり,1961年パリで文化の自由会議,1962年カンパラで第1回アフリカ人作家会議などを主宰した。小説に《放浪者たち》(1971年),短編集に《人は生きねばならぬ》(1947年),《生者と死者》(1961年),《Bコーナーにて》(1967年)などがあり,評論集《アフリカのイメージ》(1962年)は大きな影響力を持つものであった。ほかに評論集《旋風の中の声》(1972年),南ア復帰後の長編で,架空黒人独立国の高級官僚の独善と無能ぶりを風刺した《チルンドゥ》(1979年),もう1冊の自伝《アフリカ,わが音楽》(1984年)がある。
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