Yuriy Petrovich Lyubimov

Russian director and actor. Born in Yaroslavl. Graduated from the Shchukin University of Dramatic Arts attached to the Vakhtangov Theatre in 1939. After several years of military service, he appeared on the stage of the Vakhtangov Theatre and taught at his alma mater, where he performed Brecht's The Good Man of Sechuan as his graduation performance, which was a great success. In 1964, he founded the Taganka Theatre with his students, and directed such famous plays as Ten Days That Shook the World (1965), The Mother (1969), All Quiet at Dawn! (1971), Hamlet (1972), and Three Sisters (1982). He revived the legacy of Meyerhold, Vakhtangov, and Tairov, and each of his productions, incorporating techniques from avant-garde theatre around the world, was a new experiment in theatrical expression and was tinged with criticism of the establishment. In 1981, he directed "Vladimir Vysotsky," which he composed with members of his theatre company, and in 1982, he directed Pushkin's "Boris Godunov," but both were immediately banned. In 1983, while visiting the UK to direct "Crime and Punishment," he declared that he would not return home unless the authorities approved three of his productions. The following year, he was dismissed from his position as head director of the Taganka Theatre and stripped of his citizenship. He then directed in Europe and the US, and returned to Moscow for 10 days in May 1988 to stage a revival of "Boris Godunov." In 1989, he regained his Soviet citizenship. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, he adapted and directed "The Brothers Karamazov" in 1997.

[Nobuyuki Nakamoto]

"Lyubimov's Taganka Theatre" by Alexander Gershkovich, translated by Nobuyuki Nakamoto (1990, Libroport)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ロシアの演出家、俳優。ヤロスラブリに生まれる。1939年ワフタンゴフ劇場付属シチューキン演劇大学卒業。数年間の軍隊勤務ののち、ワフタンゴフ劇場の舞台に立ち、母校で教鞭(きょうべん)をとり、卒業公演で上演したブレヒト作『セチュアンの善人』が大成功を収めた。1964年に教え子たちを率いてタガンカ劇場を創設、『世界をゆるがした十日間』（1965）、『母』（1969）、『夜明けは静かだ！』（1971）、『ハムレット』（1972）、『三人姉妹』（1982）などの名舞台を演出。メイエルホリド、ワフタンゴフ、タイーロフらの遺産を復活させ、世界の前衛劇の手法を取り込んだ演出は、ひとつひとつが舞台表現の新しい実験となり、体制批判の色彩を帯びていた。1981年に劇団員とともに構成した『ウラジーミル・ビソツキー』、1982年にプーシキン作『ボリス・ゴドゥノフ』を演出、いずれもただちに上演禁止となった。1983年、『罪と罰』演出のために訪英の際、自分の演出作品3本を当局が認めなければ帰国しないと宣言、翌年にタガンカ劇場主任演出家の地位を解任され、市民権を奪われた。その後、欧米で演出活動を行い、1988年5月に10日間モスクワに戻って『ボリス・ゴドゥノフ』を復古上演した。1989年にはソ連国籍を回復した。ソ連崩壊後は、1997年『カラマーゾフの兄弟』を脚色、演出した。

［中本信幸］

『アレクサンドル・ゲルシコヴィチ著、中本信幸訳『リュビーモフのタガンカ劇場』（1990・リブロポート）』

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