Glass processed to minimize injury to the human body from the broken glass surface when broken by impact. There are laminated glass and tempered glass. The former is made by heating and pressing two (or more) sheets of glass together with a synthetic resin film. It does not break into pieces, and when used on the front of a car, it prevents the body from flying out during a collision. Multi-layered glass is also used for bulletproofing. The latter is made by heating and quenching to form a compressive stress layer on the surface, which is about three times stronger in bending strength and five times stronger in impact strength. It is highly safe because even if it breaks, most of it breaks into small pieces of a few millimeters without sharp edges. It is used for transportation and buildings. Furthermore, tempered laminated glass has been widely used as security window glass since around 2000. There is also glass that has been strengthened by more than five times its bending strength by replacing the alkali ions near the glass surface with larger alkali ions to form a compressive stress layer. These are used in mobile phones and portable displays. [Teruo Sakaino and Setsuro Ito] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
衝撃などによって破壊した場合、ガラスの破面によって人体などをできるだけ傷つけることのないように加工されたガラス。合わせガラスと強化ガラスとがある。前者は合成樹脂膜によって2枚(またはそれ以上)の板ガラスを加熱圧着したもので、破壊しても破片が散乱せず、自動車の前面に用いたときは、衝突時に体が飛び出すのを防ぐ効用もあり、多層のものは防弾用にも使われる。後者は加熱・急冷によって表面に圧縮応力層を形成したもので、曲げ強さで3倍、衝撃強さで5倍程度強化され、破壊しても大部分は鋭い稜(りょう)をもたない数ミリメートルの細片となるので安全性が高い。交通機関、建築用などに用いられる。さらに、2000年ごろより強化の合わせガラスが防犯用窓ガラスとして広く用いられている。また、ガラス表面近傍のアルカリイオンをより大きなアルカリイオンに交換して圧縮応力層を形成し、曲げ強さで5倍以上に強化されたガラスがある。これらは携帯電話や携帯用ディスプレーなどに用いられている。 [境野照雄・伊藤節郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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