The capital of Plovdiv Province in southern Bulgaria. Located along the Maritsa River in the central Thracian Plain, it is the country's second largest city. It has a population of 338,302 (2001). It has been a key transportation point since Roman times, with a major road passing through here from Istanbul to central Europe. As a result, the city prospered as an administrative, commercial and industrial center, but was destroyed several times by attacks from various ethnic groups, including the Huns and Crusaders. The city spreads over the banks of the Maritsa River and six hills, and is rich in historical sites such as Roman walls and remains of medieval fortresses, making it a popular tourist destination. It is a town where commerce and industry have flourished since ancient times, and an international trade fair has been held every two years since 1892. During the socialist era, heavy chemical and refining industries developed. It is also the place where Hristo Gruev Danov (1828-1911) began full-scale publishing activities in the mid-19th century, and it is also a cultural center of the Thrace region, with many educational and cultural facilities in the city, including a university, a medical university, an ethnographic museum, and an archaeological museum. [Kenji Terashima] historyIt developed from a Thracian settlement in the Neolithic period, and its current name comes from the Thracian settlement name Plupudeva. It was called Philippopolis after it was occupied by Philip II, father of Alexander the Great, in 342 BC. It became a Roman territory in 45 AD and was called Trimontium (Three Hills). It became the center of the province of Thrace from the 4th century onwards. Remains of an amphitheater and a stadium from this period have been excavated in the center of the city. It was attacked by the Huns in the 5th century, and Slavs settled there from the 7th century, and it became part of Bulgaria from the 830s onwards. During that time, it was under the control of the Byzantines and Crusaders several times, but it flourished as an administrative and commercial center. In 1364, it came under the control of the Ottoman Empire, and when the empire entered a period of stability, it developed into a distribution center for products bound for Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, using land routes and the Maritsa River, and many shops lined the square centered around Ulu Jamiya, and a caravanserai was also built on the grounds of Imaret Jamiya. Greek, Jewish, and Armenian merchants, and later, in the 18th and 19th centuries, Bulgarian merchants and craftsmen, used the town as their base and expanded their trade widely to Central Europe, Egypt, and India, and many different ethnic groups came and went through the town. Merchants' houses from this era still remain in the old town and are used as museums and other facilities. When Bulgaria gained independence in 1878, Plovdiv became the capital of the semi-autonomous Eastern Rumelia province, ruled by a Christian governor under the Ottoman Empire, at the Berlin Congress in the same year. When the province came under Bulgarian control in 1885, full-scale industrial promotion measures were launched, the Chamber of Commerce was established in the same year, and Bulgaria's first industrial exhibition was held in 1892. Before World War II, in addition to the traditional food and agricultural product processing and textile industries, woodworking and metal processing also developed. During the socialist era, efforts were made in heavy chemical and smelting industries, but this led to serious pollution problems. [Kenji Terashima] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ブルガリア南部、プロブディフ県の県都。トラキア平野中央部のマリーツァ川沿いに位置する同国第二の都市。人口33万8302(2001)。ローマ時代から交通の要所で、イスタンブールからここを経てヨーロッパ中央部につながる幹線道路が通じていた。そのため行政、商工業の中心地として繁栄したが、フン人や十字軍などさまざまな民族の攻撃を受けて町は何度か壊滅した。市街はマリーツァ川の岸辺と六つの丘陵上に広がり、ローマ時代の壁、中世の要塞(ようさい)跡など史跡に富み、観光地ともなっている。 古くから商工業が発展した町で、1892年から2年置きに国際見本市が開かれている。社会主義時代には重化学工業や精錬業が発展した。また19世紀中葉にフリスト・G・ダノフHristo Gruev Danov(1828―1911)が本格的な出版活動に乗り出した地で、トラキア地方の文化的拠点でもあり、市内には総合大学や医科大学、民俗博物館、考古学博物館などの教育・文化施設も多い。 [寺島憲治] 歴史新石器時代にトラキア人の集落から発展し、現在の名称はトラキアの集落名プルプデバPlupudevaに由来する。紀元前342年にアレクサンドロス大王の父フィリッポス2世が占領したことから、以来フィリッポポリスPhilippopolisとよばれた。紀元45年にローマ領となり、トリモンティウムTrimontium(三つの丘)とよばれた。4世紀以降は属州トラキアの中心地となった。市の中心部から、この時代の円形劇場や競技場などの遺跡が発掘されている。5世紀にフン人の攻撃を受け、7世紀からはスラブ人が定着し、830年代以降ブルガリアの版図に入った。その間、何度かビザンティンや十字軍の支配下に置かれたものの、行政・商業の中心として栄えた。1364年にオスマン帝国の支配下に入ったが、この帝国が安定期に入ると、陸路やマリーツァ川を利用してオスマン帝国の首都イスタンブール向けの産物の集散地として発展し、ウル・ジャミヤを中心とする広場には多くの店が建ち並び、イマレット・ジャミヤの敷地には隊商宿も建てられた。ギリシア人、ユダヤ人、アルメニア人の商人が、また後の18~19世紀にはブルガリア人の商人や職人も、ここに本拠を置いて広く中欧、エジプト、インドにも取引を広げ、町にはさまざまな民族が行き来した。この時代の商人の館は今も旧市街に残されており、博物館などとして利用されている。 1878年ブルガリアが独立すると、同年のベルリン会議でプロブディフはオスマン帝国支配下でキリスト教徒の知事の統治する半自治的な東ルメリア州の州都となった。1885年に同州がブルガリアに統治されると、以後、本格的な産業振興策が始まり、同年、商工会議所が設立され、1892年にはブルガリア初の産業博覧会が催された。第二次世界大戦前、従来の食品・農産物加工業や繊維産業に加えて、木工、金属加工業も発展した。社会主義時代には、重化学工業や精錬業にも力が入れられたが、公害の深刻化を招いた。 [寺島憲治] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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