Foaming agent - Kihozai (English spelling)

Japanese: 起泡剤 - きほうざい(英語表記)foaming agent
Foaming agent - Kihozai (English spelling)

This refers to a substance that, when dissolved in a solvent, produces bubbles in the solution and stabilizes the bubbles to prevent them from disappearing. There are also substances (such as sodium bicarbonate) that produce bubbles by reacting or decomposing to generate large amounts of gas, and these are called foaming agents, but they are actually different from foaming agents. However, care should be taken as they are often used interchangeably.

Two important properties of a foaming agent are foaming power, which determines how easily the foam can be made, and foam stability, which determines the stability of the foam. Those that excel in both factors are called foaming agents, while those that excel in foam stability are called foam stabilizers. Soap and alkyl sulfates excel in both factors and are good foaming agents. Egg whites, saponin, gelatin, etc. have a strong foam stabilizing effect, but do not have much foaming power (this can be easily understood by making meringue for confectionery).

Vegetable oil-based foaming agents such as pine oil are often used for flotation, while solutions of acid decomposition products such as albumin and keratin are often used for fire extinguishers (foam extinguishers). Cement and foam rubber also use suitable surfactants as foaming agents. However, aerated concrete may be made by mixing aluminum powder to create bubbles from the hydrogen gas generated, but in this case a foaming agent is used.

[Yamazaki Akira]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

溶媒に溶かしたときに溶液の泡を生じさせて、生成した泡を安定にして消滅を防ぐ作用をもつ物質をさす。これと別に、反応・分解によって多量の気体を発生して泡を生じる物質(たとえば炭酸水素ナトリウム)があり、これらは発泡剤といわれるが、起泡剤とは本来別のものである。もっとも、しばしば混用されているので注意が必要である。

 泡立ちやすさを左右する起泡力と、泡の安定性を左右する泡沫(ほうまつ)安定度の二つの因子が、起泡剤にとっては重要な性質である。両因子ともに優れたものを泡立て剤、泡沫安定度に優れたものは泡沫安定剤とよんで区別する。せっけん、アルキル硫酸塩などは両因子ともに優れており、良好な泡立て剤である。卵白、サポニン、ゼラチンなどは泡沫を安定化する作用が強いが、起泡力はさほどではない(菓子用のメレンゲなどをつくってみるとよくわかる)。

 浮遊選鉱用には松根油など植物油系の起泡剤が、消火器(泡沫消火器)にはアルブミンやケラチンなどの酸分解物の溶液がそれぞれに多用される。セメントやフォームラバーなども相応した界面活性剤を起泡剤として用いる。もっとも、気泡コンクリートなどは、アルミニウム粉末を混入して、発生する水素ガスによる気泡をつくらせることもあるが、この場合は発泡剤の利用である。

[山崎 昶]

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