Generally, it refers to the totality of workplace accident prevention measures implemented by individual companies. There are also other workplace accident prevention measures that should be implemented by the government and industry associations. Safety management is broadly divided into equipment management and work management. For equipment, consistent safety management is required throughout each stage of design, installation, and use. For work management, the three major implementation items that have long been considered to be tidy and in order, safety inspections, and correct work (safe work standards) must be implemented in a unified manner in the workplace. For safety management, a safety manager is appointed under the general safety and health manager, who is also the highest-ranking person in the workplace, and a safety committee is organized, half of whom are worker representatives (Article 17 of the Industrial Safety and Health Act). A safety management plan is then formulated and promoted regarding safety management issues, content, implementation methods, and division of labor. In addition to having worker representatives participate in the safety committee, some companies have taken measures to literally mobilize all individual workers in safety management activities, and small group activities, suggestion systems, and safety competitions are enthusiastically carried out. However, in places where the aspect of labor management is strong, there are quite a few cases where work-related accidents are treated as personal injuries and illnesses under the zero-accident competition, and when investigating the causes of accidents, one-sided emphasis is placed on personal responsibility such as carelessness. There is also a concept called "health management" based on the same Industrial Safety and Health Act. While safety management is primarily a set of measures to prevent industrial accidents, health management refers to the set of measures implemented with the aim of maintaining and promoting the health of workers, and consists of health management, work management, environmental management, health education, etc., and also includes health checkups. [Hiromasa Shigeta] "Ergonomics of Safety Management" by Mitsuo Nagamachi (1995, Kaibundo Publishing) " "Safety Management Practice (6th Edition)" edited by the Safety Division of the Ministry of Labor's Safety and Health Department (2000, Central Labor Accident Prevention Association) [Reference items] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般に個々の企業が実施する労働災害防止対策の総体をいう。労働災害防止対策には、ほかに、国が実施すべきもの、業界団体などが実施すべきものがある。安全管理の内容は、設備の管理と作業の管理に大別される。設備に対しては、設計、設置、使用の各段階を通して一貫性のある安全管理が必要である。また作業の管理については、古くから三大実施事項とされている整理整頓(せいとん)、安全点検、正しい作業(安全作業基準)が、職場で一体のものとして統一的に実施されることが必要である。 安全管理のための組織としては、事業場の最高責任者でもある総括安全衛生管理者のもとに安全管理者が選任され、半数は労働者代表からなる安全委員会が組織される(労働安全衛生法17条)。そこで安全管理の課題、内容、実施方法、分担に関する安全管理計画が策定され、推進されることとなる。安全委員会に労働者代表を参加させる方法以外に、個々の労働者を文字どおり全員、安全管理の運動に動員する方策がとられ、小集団活動や提案制度、安全競争が熱心に行われているところもある。しかし、労務管理としての側面が強く出ているところでは、無災害競争のもとで労働災害が私傷病扱いされたり、災害の原因究明にあたって不注意論などの個人責任論が一面的に強調される、といった実態も少なからずある。 なお、同じ労働安全衛生法に基づく概念として「衛生管理」がある。安全管理が主として労働災害防止対策の総体であるのにたいして、衛生管理は、労働者の健康の保持と増進を目的として実施される方策の総体をいい、健康管理、作業管理、環境管理、衛生教育などからなり、健康診断も含まれる。 [重田博正] 『長町三生著『安全管理の人間工学』(1995・海文堂出版)』▽『労働省安全衛生部安全課編『安全管理者の実務(第6版)』(2000・中央労働災害防止協会)』 [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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