A type of ice nucleus. In most cases, ice crystals form when water vapor first condenses and becomes supercooled cloud particles, which then freeze. However, sometimes water vapor can suddenly transform into a solid phase, i.e., ice crystals, without passing through the liquid phase (a process known as sublimation). In the latter case, the particles that act as the nuclei of the crystals are called sublimation nuclei. At the same temperature, the saturated water vapor pressure for ice is lower than that for water, so when the water vapor pressure in the environment is somewhere between these two values, it is supersaturated with respect to ice and undersaturated with respect to water. In this state, sublimation nuclei act as nuclei for the formation of ice crystals. [Hiroo Misaki] "Physics of Clouds: From Cloud Particle Formation to Cloud Movement" by Takahashi Takashi (1987, Tokyodo Publishing) [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
氷晶核の一種。氷晶のでき方には、水蒸気がいったん凝結して過冷却雲粒となったのちに凍結する場合が多いが、ときには水蒸気が液相を経ずにいきなり固相、すなわち氷の結晶に転化する(昇華という)こともある。後者の場合に結晶の核として働く微粒子を昇華核とよぶ。同温度ならば氷に対する飽和水蒸気圧は、水に対するそれより低いので、環境中の水蒸気圧がその間の値をとるときには、氷に対して過飽和、水に対して未飽和である。昇華核はこの状態で氷晶生成の核として働く。 [三崎方郎] 『高橋劭著『雲の物理――雲粒形成から雲運動まで』(1987・東京堂出版)』 [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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