A name for the area around the present-day Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and the state of Maine in the United States. It is also written as Acadia. It was the stage for the conflict between Britain and France over hegemony in North America in the 17th and 18th centuries. The first French to attempt to establish a colony in Acadia were Dochet Island (present-day Maine) at the mouth of the Sainte-Croix River, and after several failures, they settled in 1604. However, in 1613, troops from the British colonies in the south captured Port Royal, the center of the French colony in Acadia, and in 1621 the area was given to the Scottish colonist W. Alexander, who renamed it Nova Scotia (New Scotland). After that, the area moved between Britain and France, but only present-day Nova Scotia was ceded to Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. After the defeat of France in North America in 1663, all of Acadia became British territory. During the French and Indian War that began in 1754, the Acadians, who were primarily of French descent, were forcibly relocated south to what is now the United States by the British, who feared an alliance with New France, resulting in the tragedy sung about by Longfellow in his song "Evangeline" (1847). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
現カナダのノバスコシア州とニューブランズウィック州,およびアメリカ合衆国のメーン州あたりをさす呼称。アカジアとも表記される。 17~18世紀の北アメリカ大陸の覇権をめぐるイギリスとフランスの対立抗争の舞台であった。アカディアに植民地設立を試みたのはフランス人が最初で,失敗を重ねたのちにサンクロア河口のドチェット島 (現メーン州) に 1604年植民が行われた。しかし 13年,南方のイギリス植民地からの軍隊はアカディアのフランス植民地の中心地ポールロワイヤル (ポートロイアル) を陥れ,21年この地はスコットランド人の W.アレクサンダーに与えられ,ノバスコシア (新スコットランド) と改名された。以後イギリスとフランスの間を転々としたが,1713年のユトレヒト条約で現在のノバスコシアだけがイギリスに割譲された。 63年に北アメリカ大陸におけるフランスの敗北が決定的になると,全アカディアがイギリス領となった。主としてフランス系であったアカディア人は,1754年から始ったフレンチ・アンド・インディアン戦争の間,ニューフランスとの提携を恐れたイギリスにより南方の現アメリカ合衆国へ強制移住させられ,ロングフェローが『エバンジェリン』 Evangeline (1847) で歌った悲劇を生んだ。
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