Pure law - reine Rechtslehre (German: pure law)

Japanese: 純粋法学 - じゅんすいほうがく(英語表記)reine Rechtslehre ドイツ語
Pure law - reine Rechtslehre (German: pure law)

A school of law advocated by Hans Kelsen and succeeded and developed by such scholars as Adolf Märkl and Alfred Friedroth. It is also known as the Vienna School of Law. It claims to understand legal norms as a system of knowledge independent of sociological facts and political requirements, and from this it has derived the following claims:

(1) "Legal coercion theory" (Law is distinguished from other norms as a norm that determines the conditions for the enforcement of coercion)
(2) "Legal Stage Theory"
(3) "The superiority of international law" (international law is a legal system superior to domestic law)
(4) "Denial of sovereignty" (The theory that states have the nature of sovereignty without superior authority is incorrect)
(5) "State-legal order identity theory" (the state is the personification of the legal order, and the two are in fact the same)
(6) "Framework theory" (Law is open to various interpretations, and the tasks of applying, enforcing, and interpreting the law are the act of selecting one possibility within the framework)
(7) "Fundamental norm theory" (The ultimate basis of the legal norm system is hypothetical fundamental norms)
(8) "Legal positivism" (natural law is unknowable and is an ideology for absolutizing one's own theory), etc.

With Kelsen's exile, his influence spread, but he still has followers in academic circles of legal philosophy, public law, international law, etc., and is a subject of debate. In Japan, scholars who belong to this trend include Kisaburo Yokota, Toshiyoshi Miyazawa, Nobushige Ukai, and Junichi Aomi.

[Ryuichi Nagao]

[Reference] | Legal Stage Theory

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ハンス・ケルゼンが主唱し、アドルフ・メルクル、アルフレート・フェアドロスなどの学者が継承、発展させた法学上の学派。ウィーン法学派ともいう。法規範を、社会学的事実や政治的要請とは独立した認識の体系としてとらえようとする主張で、そこから次のような主張が導き出された。

(1)「法強制説」(法は強制発動の条件を定める規範として、他の規範から区別される)
(2)「法段階説」
(3)「国際法優位説」(国際法は国内法より上位の法体系である)
(4)「主権否認説」(上位に権威をもたない主権という性質を国家が有しているという理論は誤りである)
(5)「国家法秩序同一性説」(国家とは法秩序を擬人化したもので、実は両者は同一である)
(6)「枠の理論」(法とは多様な解釈を容(い)れるものであり、法の通用、執行、解釈などとよばれる作業は、枠内の一つの可能性を選択する行為である)
(7)「根本規範論」(法規範体系の究極的根拠は仮説定根本規範である)
(8)「法実証主義」(自然法は認識不可能で、自分の主説を絶対化するためのイデオロギーである)、などである。

 ケルゼンの亡命とともにその影響力は拡散されたが、現在でも法哲学、公法、国際法などの学界に追随者をもち、論議の対象となっている。日本でこの傾向に属する学者としては、横田喜三郎、宮沢俊義(としよし)、鵜飼信成(うかいのぶしげ)、碧海(あおみ)純一らがいる。

[長尾龍一]

[参照項目] | 法段階説

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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