Drugs that act on the autonomic nervous system, i.e. autonomic ganglia and the subsequent sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers and their receptors, to excite or inhibit them. They are subdivided according to the site and quality of action, but for convenience they are broadly divided into sympathetic stimulants and depressants, and parasympathetic stimulants and depressants. They are also divided into cholinergic and adrenergic according to the chemical classification of nerve fibers. Cholinergic stimulants include acetylcholine, muscarine, guanidine, and physostigmine, while depressants include atropine and scopolamine. Adrenergic stimulants include adrenaline, noradrenaline, ephedrine, and pilocarpine, while depressants include ergotoxine, ergotamine, dibenamine, reserpine, propranolol, guanidine, methyldopa, and hydroxydopamine. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
自律神経系すなわち自律神経節およびそれに続く交感・副交感神経節後線維と,その受容器に働いて,これを興奮させたり抑制する薬物をいう。作用の部位や質によって細分されるが,便宜的には交感神経興奮剤と抑制剤,副交感神経興奮剤と抑制剤に大別される。また,神経線維の化学的分類に従ってコリン作動性とアドレナリン作動性に分ける。コリン作動性の興奮剤はアセチルコリン,ムスカリン,グワニジン,フィゾスチグミン,抑制剤はアトロピン,スコポラミンなど。アドレナリン作動性の興奮剤はアドレナリン,ノルアドレナリン,エフェドリン,ピロカルピン,抑制剤はエルゴトキシン,エルゴタミン,ジベナミン,レセルピン,プロプラノロール,グアネジン,メチルドーパ,ハイドロキシドーパミンなどがある。
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