Household reform - Household reform

Japanese: 家政改革 - かせいかいかく

The maintenance and development of a family's finances by adapting politics, morals, and norms to changes and developments in economic conditions. In early modern Japan, this usually refers to reforms to the management of smallholder landlords, merchants, and especially hatamoto feudal lords, which had a strong private economic character. The task of hatamoto household reform was largely centered on resolving financial poverty, which was a quantitative expression of the decline and crisis of the feudal lord system. Although poverty was partly due to increased lords' expenditures on luxury, it essentially arose from the inability to reap the fruits of the development of the peasant economy (peasant surplus) through increased actual tax payments.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

経済条件の変化･発展に対して政治･道徳･規範などを適応させ，一家の家計の維持･発展をはかること。ふつうは近世の日本で，私的経済の性格を強くもつ手作地主経営，商家経営，とくに旗本の領主経営などの改革を指す。旗本の家政改革の課題は，ほとんどが封建領主制の後退･危機の量的表現たる財政窮乏の解消に集約されている。窮乏は，奢侈による領主支出の増大もあったが，本質的には農民経済発展の産物(農民剰余)を実納年貢の増加で収得できないことから生じた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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