Blood circulation is regulated and controlled by the cooperation of various internal mechanisms. In humans and mammals, cardiac output increases or decreases in response to various stresses, emotions, defense reactions, exercise, changes in posture, meals, and other factors that occur in daily life, and blood flow is redistributed to supply blood to active tissues and organs. On the other hand, arterial blood pressure and blood volume remain roughly constant. In addition, during massive bleeding, blood is preferentially redistributed to the brain and heart, and blood flow to other organs is reduced. In this way, cardiac output, blood flow distribution, arterial blood pressure, and blood volume increase or decrease or remain constant because many circulatory regulation mechanisms work in coordination simultaneously. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
血液循環が各種の体内機構の協調によって調節・制御されていること。ヒトや哺乳類では,日常生活時にみられる各種ストレス,情動,防御反応,運動,姿勢変換,食事等に際して心拍出量は増減し,活動している組織や臓器へ血液が供給されるような血流の再分配が起こっている。他方,動脈血圧や血液量はだいたい一定の値を保っている。また大量出血時には脳や心臓に優先的に血液は再配分され,その他の臓器血流量は減少している。このように心拍出量,血流分配,動脈血圧,血液量が増減あるいは一定に維持されるのは多数の循環調節機構が同時に協調しながら働くためである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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