Shuho - Practice

Japanese: 修法 - しゅほう
Shuho - Practice

A word used in esoteric Buddhism, it can also be read as "suho" or "zuho." It refers to the practice of devoting one's mind and body to a certain goal and directing one toward it. It is generally understood to be the practice of incantations and prayers. The pinnacle of the practice is the practice of attaining Buddhahood in this very body. One practices the practice by concentrating one's thoughts on it, such as setting up an altar, making offerings, requesting the principal image, chanting mantras, making mudras with the hands, and contemplating the principal image in one's mind. Depending on the structure of the practice, it is classified as Daiho, Hiho, or Fuho. In addition, various names are given depending on the differences in the principal image, such as Dainichi, Acalanatha, Shoden, Yakushi, Kishimo, and Kannon. There are many types of rituals, but they can be summarized into four types: good health, good profits, surrender, and respect.

The method of staying healthy is a method of eliminating disasters such as natural disasters, earthquakes, or one's own illness or fire, and its purpose is to eliminate the earthly desires within the mind and attain bodhi (enlightenment).

The method of increasing benefits is a method for increasing the welfare of the masses or oneself, extending one's lifespan, and allowing one to receive happiness.Its purpose is to gather in oneself the virtues of worldly blessings and wisdom, from an ordinary person to a bodhisattva, and from a bodhisattva to a Buddha, and to advance in the ranks of Buddhahood.

The method of surrender is a method of making the country or those who are hostile to oneself surrender, and if they are stubborn and do not surrender, of taking their life and causing them to perish; ultimately, it is a method for cutting off the delusions and desires such as greed, anger, and ignorance that lie within one's mind.

The method of respecting and loving oneself is a method that allows one to receive the respect and protection of many people, and ultimately, a method that allows one to receive the protection of the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas and achieve the great goal of attaining Buddhahood.

In addition, the Koucho method (a method performed to summon the principal image) is added to these four methods, making five types of methods.

Thus, the ritual of prayer, or shūho, appears, on the outside, to be a way of praying to the Buddhas for certain finite matters and asking for their protection; however, on the inside, it is an attempt to embody one's own absolute and infinite great life in accordance with finite matters.

[Ikusumi Onozuka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

密教で用いられることばで、「すほう」「ずほう」とも読む。ある目標のために身心を傾注し、それに向かわしめるための事作法(実践行)をいう。一般的には加持祈祷(かじきとう)の法と解される。修法の極致は、即身成仏(じょうぶつ)への実践行にほかならない。壇を設け、供養(くよう)物を献じ、本尊を請(しょう)じて、真言(しんごん)を唱え、手に印を結び、心に本尊を観ずるなど観念を凝らして法を修する。修法の組織によって、大法・秘法・普通法に分類される。また、大日・不動・聖天(しょうでん)・薬師・鬼子母(きしも)・観音(かんのん)など、本尊の相違によって種々の名称がつけられる。修法の種類はきわめて多いが、要約すれば息災(そくさい)法・増益(そうやく)法・降伏(ごうぶく)法・敬愛(けいあい)法の四種法にまとめられる。

 息災法とは、天変・地異、あるいは自分自身の病難・火難などの災害を除き去る法であるが、その目的は心のなかの煩悩(ぼんのう)を除いて、菩提(ぼだい)(悟り)を完成させるためのものである。

 増益法とは、大衆あるいは自身の福利を増し、寿命を延ばし、幸福を受けせしめる法であるが、その目的は凡夫(ぼんぶ)から菩薩(ぼさつ)、菩薩から仏へと出世間の福智(ふくち)の徳を一身に集めて、成仏の位階を進めるための法である。

 降伏法とは、外には国家、あるいは自身に敵対するものを降伏させ、もし強固で降伏しないときは、ついに命を断って死滅せしめる法であるが、究極的には心のなかの貪(とん)・瞋(じん)・痴(ち)等の煩悩妄執(もうじゅう)を断つための法である。

 敬愛法とは、多くの人々の尊敬愛護を受けせしめる法であり、ひいては諸仏菩薩の加護を受け、成仏の大目的を達するための法である。

 また、この四種法に鉤召(こうちょう)法(本尊を召請するために修する法)を加えて五種法とする。

 このように祈祷の作法である修法は、外面的には、ある有限の事柄を諸仏に祈り、その加護を請うもののようであるが、内面的には、有限の事柄に即し、絶対無限の自分自身の大生命を体得しようとするものである。

[小野塚幾澄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Tree method - shuho (English spelling)

>>:  Spohr

Recommend

Shan-shan (English spelling)

A country located southwest of Lop Nur Lake in Eas...

The Kanze Tetsunojō Family

...During that time, the 15th Kanze (Sakono) Moto...

mazut (English spelling)

...The Arab conquerors did not touch the rural co...

Sengoku clan

A feudal lord of the early modern period. Born in ...

Rynchops nigra (English spelling) Rynchops nigra

…As soon as they hatch, they leave the nest to wa...

"The Real Japanese Education" - The Real Japanese Education

...The first "white paper" issued by th...

Allen, GC (English spelling) AllenGC

...Historian James Murdoch (1856-1921), writer L....

Graduation - Sotsugyo

〘noun〙① The completion of an undertaking. ※Kyō-hen...

Zaikokushi - Governor of the province

〘Noun〙 One of the local government positions in th...

Mott, JR

…1,355 people, including representatives of missi...

André le Chapelain

A clergyman from the late 12th century to the earl...

Okahara [village] - Okahara

A village in Kuma District, southern Kumamoto Pref...

active hydrogen

…This is why palladium is an excellent catalyst f...

English Quilting

...It is used for a wide range of purposes, from ...

Mosselbaai (English spelling)

A port town in the Western Cape Province of the Re...