Tree method - shuho (English spelling)

Japanese: 樹法 - じゅほう（英語表記）shù fǎ

A technique for drawing trees in oriental painting. Trees are an important component of portraits, landscapes, and bird-and-flower paintings, and many techniques have been invented since ancient times. Wei Yan of the Tang Dynasty drew a pine tree in the shape of a dragon, Zhang Zhan drew a solitary and arrogant pine, Li Cheng and Guo Xi of the Song Dynasty drew a strange cold forest that symbolized gentlemen, Mi Youren drew a rootless tree, Ma Yuan drew a pine tree with a wheelbarrow, and Ni Zan of the Yuan Dynasty drew a sparse and desolate miscellaneous tree. There were also various techniques for drawing roots, trunks, branches, and leaves, such as using exposed roots for roots, antlers or crab claws for branches, and dotted leaves or cleaved leaves for leaves.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

東洋画において，樹木をかく技法。樹木は人物･山水･花鳥画の重要な構成要素であり，古来多くの画法が発明された。唐の韋偃（いえん）は竜をかたどった松，張璪は孤高におごる松，宋の李成･郭熙は君子を象徴すると同時に奇怪な寒林，米友仁は無根樹，馬遠は車輪蝴蝶の松，元の倪瓚（げいさん）はまばらな蕭散とした雑樹をかいた。また根，幹，枝，葉の各部も多様に分かれ，根は露根，枝は鹿角，蟹爪，葉は点葉，夾葉などの画法があった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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