Seed plants - Seed plants

Japanese: 種子植物 - しゅししょくぶつ(英語表記)seed-plants
Seed plants - Seed plants

A type of vascular plant that produces seeds as a dispersal organ. The vegetative organs, stems, leaves, and roots, are well differentiated, and the vascular bundles are also well developed. The reproductive organs are attached to the vegetative organs as flowers. Seed plants are broadly divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms. In angiosperms, the pistil (pistil) and stamen (male stamens) grow on short branches that undergo limited growth and are protected by perianth such as sepals and petals, and are organized independently from other vegetative organs for convenient pollination. The ovule is enclosed in an ovary, which produces an embryo sac inside. After fertilization, the ovule becomes a seed, and the ovary becomes a fruit. The mature seed of a seed plant consists of the seed coat, endosperm, and young plant, and this source of nutrition is either taken from the parent plant through the vascular bundles of the pedicel, or absorbed by destroying part of the endosperm, nucellar tissue, or integument. Mature seeds of angiosperms go into dormancy for a time with the young plant inside, and when suitable conditions such as moisture and temperature are provided, they germinate and grow using the nutrients within the seed. In gymnosperms, even when the seed matures, the embryo has not yet differentiated, so it continues to develop without going into dormancy. In seed plants, the first leaves to appear after germination are usually cotyledons, the number of which varies by species and genus, and their shape is different from that of normal leaves. Also, in young plants, roots form on the opposite side of the stem and become primary roots, but these often die quickly and become adventitious roots. Seed plants are thought to have originally been trees, as mature plants often produce lateral branches, they have the potential for secondary thickening growth, and their stems are usually true central pillars.

[Akiko Sugiyama]

[Reference items] | Angiosperms | Gymnosperms

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

維管束植物のうち散布体として種子をつくるものをいう。栄養器官の茎、葉、根はよく分化し、維管束もよく発達する。生殖器官は花として栄養器官に付属する。種子植物は被子植物と裸子植物に大別される。被子植物では限定成長を行う短枝上に雌蕊(しずい)(雌しべ)、雄蕊(雄しべ)が生じ、萼片(がくへん)、花弁などの花被(かひ)で保護され、他の栄養器官から独立して受粉に都合よくまとまっている。胚珠(はいしゅ)は子房に包まれ、中に胚嚢(はいのう)をつくる。受精後、胚珠は種子になり、子房は果実となる。種子植物の成熟した種子は種皮、胚乳、幼植物からなるが、この栄養源は珠柄(しゅへい)の維管束を通して親植物から摂取するか、または胚乳や珠心組織、珠皮の一部を破壊して吸収する。被子植物の成熟した種子は幼植物を中にもったまま一時休眠し、水分や温度など適した条件が与えられると発芽し、種子内の養分で成長する。裸子植物では種子は成熟しても胚はまだ分化していないため、休眠せずに発生を続ける。種子植物では、普通、発芽後最初に出る葉は子葉で、その数は種属によって一定であるし、形態も普通葉とは異なる。また、幼植物では茎の反対側から根が形成され、初生根となるが、これはすぐ枯死して不定根となるものが多い。種子植物は、成長した植物がよく側枝を分枝すること、二次肥大成長を行う潜在能力をもつこと、茎は、普通、真正中心柱であることなどから、本来は樹木であったと考えられる。

[杉山明子]

[参照項目] | 被子植物 | 裸子植物

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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