Free Theater

Japanese: 自由劇場 - じゆうげきじょう

Name of the theater company. (1) The company was led by Ichikawa Sadanji II and Oyamauchi Kaoru. In November 1909, they performed a two-day preview of Ibsen's John Gabriel Borkman, translated by Mori Ogai, at the Yurakucho Theater. Over the next ten years, they held nine performances and previews, introducing ten translated plays and six original plays, paving the way for new Japanese scripts and theatrical techniques. They were the first members-only theater company to create an intangible theater, and introduced modern Western plays by Chekhov, Hauptmann, Maeterlinck, and others, including Night Inn, a faithful adaptation of the Moscow Art Theater's The Lower Depths, and launched new writers such as Yoshii Isamu, Nagata Hideo, Akita Ujaku, and Kanno Nijiichi. However, unlike Tsubouchi Shoyo's Bungei Kyokai, it did not have an actor training institute and was mainly made up of Kabuki actors from Sadanji's troupe (female actors and actresses), so as the actors each established their footholds in the world of Kabuki, such as Sadanji becoming an exclusive Shochiku company, it lost its original purpose and ended with its last performance at the Teigeki Theater in September 1944. (2) Founded and launched in May 1958 by director Toshima Takeo, Koyama Genki, Fujiwara Shinpei and others. Plays were performed by Borghetto, A. Wesker and others. Disbanded in September 1963. (3) Founded by Sato Makoto, Saito Ren, Kushida Kazumi, Yoshida Hideko and others who had graduated from Haiyuza Training School, it launched in November 1966 with Sato's play Ismene: Subway. In 1968, it joined the Rokugatsu Theater and others to form the Drama Center 68 (now the Black Tent), which was later revived by Kushida and Yoshida, and was relaunched in 1975 as On Theatre Jiyugeki Theater.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

劇団名。 (1) 2世市川左団次，小山内薫主宰。 1909年 11月イプセン作，森鴎外訳『ジョン・ガブリエル・ボルクマン』を有楽座において2日間試演，以来 10年間に9回の公演および試演を断続的に行い，翻訳劇 10種，創作劇6種を紹介し，日本の新興脚本や新興演劇術のために一つの道を開いた。初めて会員組織による無形劇場を興し，モスクワ芸術座の『どん底』を忠実に移植した『夜の宿』をはじめチェーホフ，ハウプトマン，メーテルランクその他の西欧近代劇を移入し，吉井勇，長田秀雄，秋田雨雀，菅野二十一らの新人作家を世に送り出した意義は大きい。ただ，坪内逍遙の「文芸協会」のように俳優養成機関をもたず，左団次一座の歌舞伎俳優を主体 (女方，女優共演) にしていたため，左団次が松竹専属になるなど，俳優がそれぞれ梨園に足場を固めるとともに当初の目的を失い，19年9月の帝劇公演を最後に終った。 (2) 演出家の程島武夫を中心に小山源喜，藤原新平らによって 1958年5月に結成，旗揚げ。ボルヘット，A.ウェスカーらの戯曲を上演した。 63年9月解散。 (3) 俳優座養成所出身の佐藤信，斉藤憐，串田和美，吉田日出子らを中心に結成，1966年 11月に佐藤作『イスメネ・地下鉄』で旗揚げ。 68年，六月劇場などとともに演劇センター 68 (現黒テント) に合流参加したが，その後串田，吉田を中心に再興され，75年オンシアター自由劇場として再出発した。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Congestion - Hyperemia

>>: Aggregation problem - shuukeimondai (English spelling) aggregation problem