A type of localized blood circulation disorder. When there is a disorder in the circulation of bodily fluids, which is a general term for blood, lymph, and tissue fluid, it is generally called a circulatory disorder, but blood circulation disorders are the most important. Blood circulation disorders are classified into relatively systemic cases that occur in the large circulation, small circulation, portal vein, etc., and local blood circulation disorders, the latter of which are pathologically classified as anemia, congestion, hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, and infarction. Congestion refers to a state in which the amount of blood flowing into organs and tissues increases. Even under physiological conditions, intestinal mucosa is often congested during digestion, but this is generally caused by hyperfunction. On the other hand, when the blood vessels that take in blood to a particular area become thicker, the amount of blood in that area naturally increases, causing congestion, but this is due to damage to the nerves that control that blood vessel, i.e. paralysis of the vasoconstrictor nerves, or tension in the vasodilator nerves, or paralysis of the muscles in the blood vessel walls themselves, etc. Also, when anemia occurs in a part of an organ or tissue, congestion can be seen in the vicinity or in other places, which is called compensatory congestion. [Yutaka Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
局所におこる血液の循環障害の一つ。血液、リンパ液、および組織液の総称である体液の循環に障害がおこった場合、一般に循環障害とよぶが、血液の循環障害がもっとも重要である。血液循環障害には、大循環、小循環、門脈などにおこる比較的全身性の場合と、局所におこる血液の循環障害とがあり、後者は病理学的に貧血、充血、うっ血、出血、血栓症、塞栓(そくせん)症、梗塞(こうそく)に分類されている。充血とは、臓器・組織中に流入する血液の量が増加している状態をいう。生理的な状態でも、消化時に腸粘膜が充血することはしばしば認められるが、これは一般に機能亢進(こうしん)のために生ずるものである。一方、局所に流入する血液を入れる血管が太くなる場合には、当然、その局所の血液の量は増加し、充血をおこすことになるが、これは、その血管を支配している神経の障害、すなわち血管収縮神経の麻痺(まひ)、あるいは血管拡張神経の緊張、血管壁自体に存する筋肉の麻痺などによるものである。また、臓器・組織の一部に貧血がおこると、その付近または他の場所に充血がみられることがあり、これは代償性充血とよばれる。 [渡辺 裕] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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