Berkeley, George

Japanese: バークリー（英語表記）Berkeley， George
Berkeley, George
Born: March 12, 1685, Kilkenny
Died January 14, 1753. British philosopher and clergyman in Oxford. Entered Trinity College, Dublin in 1700, and became a researcher there from 1707. Wrote Essays towards a New Theory of Vision (1709) and his major work A Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (10). In 1713 he went to London, where he associated with J. Swift and A. Pope, and studied twice in France and Italy, before returning to Dublin in 1721. In 1729 he traveled to the New World to establish a university in Bermuda for the education of colonists and North American natives, but failed and returned to the United States in 1731. In 1734 he became the director of Cloyne, where he devoted himself to writing and pastoral care. Although his ideas were not widely accepted in his time, after his death they left a strong legacy in the Scottish School (→ common sense philosophy), D. Hume, J. S. Mill, and even in 20th century empiricism.

Berkeley
Barclay, William

Born: 1907. Wick, Scotland
[Died] January 24, 1978.
British Protestant theologian and biblical scholar. He studied theology and classics at the University of Glasgow (1925-33), studied abroad at the University of Marburg, and became pastor of Trinity Church in Renfrew near Glasgow. In 1947, he became a professor at the University of Glasgow, teaching New Testament studies, biblical criticism, and theology, and later became Dean of the Faculty of Theology. He participated in the translation of "The New English Bible" and is also known as a choral conductor. His main work, "The Daily Study Bible" (53-59), is a 17-volume, 5,900-page work that conveys the results of modern theology to ordinary believers without using technical terms and attempts to relate the teachings of the New Testament to today's daily life. This work, which is persuasively explained while making full use of Jewish, Greek, and Latin classics that were contemporary with the New Testament, is not only widely read in the English-speaking world, but has also been translated into Spanish, Norwegian, Polish, Chinese, Japanese, and other languages.

Berkeley
Berkeley, Sir William

Born: 1606. Somerset
[Died] July 9, 1677. Twickenham. British administrator during the American colonial period. Appointed governor of Virginia in 1641, he supported the royalists during the Puritan Revolution, and was temporarily exiled from 1649, but returned to his post in 1660 after the Restoration. He formed an alliance with some privileged planters (large farm owners) and ruled as a dictator, monopolizing government positions and the fur trade without convening a parliament for 14 years. In 1676, a rebellion broke out under the leadership of Nathaniel Bacon, triggered by a conflict between Indians and backwoods farmers, and he was temporarily driven out of the capital, Jamestown, but when the rebel army broke up due to Bacon's death and internal conflicts, he even carried out a bloody revenge (→Bacon's Rebellion). He was recalled to the United States in 1677.

Berkeley
Berkeley

A city on the northeastern shore of San Francisco Bay in the Midwest of California, USA. It is a university town adjacent to Oakland. It was founded in 1868 when the University of California was established on what was originally part of the San Antonio Ranch. The town was named after Irish Bishop G. Berkeley, who worked hard for higher education in America. In the eastern part of the city, close to the university, there is a seminary and a state school for visually and hearing impaired children. In the western part of the city, there are various factories that form the San Francisco Bay Industrial Area. There is a marine park on the bayside. Population: 112,580 (2010).

Berkeley
Berkeley, Sir Lennox (Randall Francis)

Born: May 12, 1903, Boweshill, near Oxford
[Died] December 26, 1989, London British composer. After graduating from Oxford University in 1926, he studied composition in Paris under N. Boulanger. In 1936, his Overture was performed at the ISCM Music Festival in Barcelona, ​​where it attracted attention. He also composed operas, symphonies, concertos, chamber music, choral works, and songs. He served as professor at the Royal Academy of Music and Keele University, and was chairman of the Cheltenham Festival, and was knighted in 1974.

Berkeley
Barclay, Alexander

[Born] Around 1476
[Died] 1552
English clergyman and poet, known for his English translation of the famous satirical poem "The Ship of Fools" by the German poet S. Brant (1509).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1685.3.12. キルケニー
[没]1753.1.14. オックスフォード
イギリスの哲学者，聖職者。 1700年ダブリンのトリニティ・カレッジに入り，07年以後同カレッジ研究員。『視覚新論』 Essays towards a New Theory of Vision (1709) や主著となった『人知原理論』A Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (10) を著わした。 13年ロンドンに出て，J.スウィフト，A.ポープらと交わり，2度にわたってフランス，イタリアなどに遊学し，21年ダブリンに帰った。 29年植民者と北アメリカ先住民の教化のための大学をバミューダに設立すべく新大陸に渡ったが失敗して 31年帰国。 34年クロインの監督となり，著述と司牧に専念した。彼の思想は同時代には多くの賛同を得なかったが，死後にスコットランド学派 (→常識哲学 ) や D.ヒューム，J.S.ミルを経て 20世紀の経験論にまで大きな系譜を残している。

バークリー
Barclay， William

[生]1907. スコットランド，ウィック
[没]1978.1.24.
イギリスのプロテスタント神学者。聖書学者。グラスゴー大学で神学，古典学を学び (1925～33) ，マールブルク大学に留学したのち，グラスゴー近郊レンフリューのトリニティ教会牧師。 1947年からグラスゴー大学教授となり，新約聖書学，聖書批判学，神学などを講じ，のちに神学部長となった。"The New English Bible"の翻訳にも参加し，合唱指揮者としても知られる。特に主著"The Daily Study Bible" (53～59) は 17巻 5900ページに及ぶものであり，現代神学の成果を専門用語を用いないで一般信徒に伝え，新約聖書の教えを今日の日常生活に関連づけようとするものであって，新約聖書と同時代のユダヤ，ギリシア，ラテンの古典を縦横に駆使しつつ説得的に説かれたこの労作は広く英語圏で読まれているだけではなく，スペイン語，ノルウェー語，ポーランド語，中国語，日本語などにも訳されている。

バークリー
Berkeley, Sir William

[生]1606. サマセット
[没]1677.7.9. トゥイックナム
アメリカ植民地時代のイギリスの行政官。1641年バージニア植民地総督に任命され，清教徒革命に際しては王党派を支持し，1649年から一時追放されたが王政復古で 1660年に帰任。一部の特権プランター（大農場主）と結んで独裁政治を行ない，14年間も議会を招集せず官職，毛皮交易の独占を進めた。1676年奥地開拓農民とインディアンとの紛争をきっかけに，ナサニエル・ベーコンの指導下に反乱が起こり，一時首都ジェームズタウンを追われたが，ベーコンの死と内部紛争で反乱軍が解体すると，血の復讐まで行なった（→ベーコンの反乱）。1677年に本国に召還された。

バークリー
Berkeley

アメリカ合衆国，カリフォルニア州中西部，サンフランシスコ湾北東岸にある都市。オークランド市に隣接する大学町。元来サンアントニオ牧場の一部であったところに，1868年カリフォルニア大学が設置されたことに始る。地名は，アメリカの高等教育に努力したアイルランド人司教 G.バークリーにちなむ。市東部には，大学に近接して神学校，視覚・聴覚障害児のための州立学校などがある。市の西部には，各種の工場があって，サンフランシスコ湾工業地域を形成。湾岸部に海洋公園がある。人口 11万2580（2010）。

バークリー
Berkeley，Sir Lennox(Randall Francis)

[生]1903.5.12. オックスフォード近郊ボーズヒル
[没]1989.12.26. ロンドン
イギリスの作曲家。 1926年オックスフォード大学卒業後，パリに留学し，N.ブーランジェに作曲を師事。 36年バルセロナの ISCM音楽祭で『序曲』が演奏され，注目された。ほかに歌劇，交響曲，協奏曲，室内楽，合唱曲，歌曲など。王立音楽院，キール大学の教授やチェルトナム音楽祭の会長を歴任，74年にはナイトの称号を受けた。

バークリー
Barclay， Alexander

[生]1476頃
[没]1552
イギリスの聖職者，詩人。ドイツの詩人 S.ブラントの有名な風刺詩『愚者の船』の英訳"The Ship of Fools" (1509) で知られる。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について　情報

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