Qiu Jin - Qiu Jin

A Chinese revolutionary in the late Qing Dynasty. Her courtesy name was Xuanqing, and her pen names were Jingxiong and Jianhu Nuxia. She was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. At the age of 18, she married into a government official's family, but she was enraged by the Boxer Rebellion and left her family to study in Japan, where she threw herself into the anti-Qing revolutionary movement. At the time, Qiu Jin disliked Qing clothing and wore Japanese clothes, preferring to carry a short sword. She frequently advocated for the revolution and wrote articles encouraging women to be self-aware in the China Women's Daily and other publications. At the end of 1905 (Meiji 38), she was outraged by the Japanese government's "Regulations for the Control of Students from the Qing Dynasty," so she ended her studies and returned to China. While working as a teacher, she was also involved in the revolutionary movement as a member of the Guangfu Association (a secret revolutionary society in Zhejiang Province). In 1907, together with the revolutionary Xu Xilin (1873-1907), he planned an armed uprising, and made preparations using Datong School in Shaoxing, where Qiu Jin was principal, as their base of operations. However, the authorities discovered their plans before they could begin, and after Xu Xilin's failed assassination of the governor of Anhui (the Xu Xilin Rebellion), they were suppressed and Qiu Jin was executed. In addition to a few poems, he also wrote the tanpo (comic essay) "Jingwei Shi" (The Spiritual Wei Stone).

[Akio Ito]

"Autumn winds and rains make people sad -- the story of Lady Qiu Jin" by Taijun Takeda (1976, Chikuma Shobo) " "Akiu Jin: Woman of Flames" by Atsuko Yamazaki (2007, Kawade Shobo Shinsha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)末の革命家。字(あざな)は璿卿(せんきょう)、号は競雄、鑑湖女侠(かんこじょきょう)。浙江(せっこう)省紹興(しょうこう)出身。18歳のとき官僚の家に嫁したが、義和団運動に発憤して家庭を捨て、日本に留学して反清革命運動に身を投じた。当時の秋瑾は清服を嫌って和服を着用し、好んで短刀を身につけていた。しきりに革命を鼓吹し、また女性の自覚を促す文章を『中国女報』その他に書いた。1905年（明治38）末、日本政府が出した「清国留学生取締規則」に憤激して留学を打ち切って帰国した。教員をしながら、光復会（浙江省の革命秘密結社）員として革命運動に従事した。1907年、革命家徐錫麟(じょしゃくりん)（1873―1907）とともに武装蜂起(ほうき)を計画し、秋瑾が校長をしていた紹興の大通学堂を根拠地として準備を進めたが、未然に官憲側に察知され、徐錫麟の安徽巡撫(あんきじゅんぶ)暗殺（徐錫麟の役）失敗後、弾圧を受け、秋瑾も処刑された。著作には若干の詩文のほか、弾詞『精衛石(せいえいせき)』がある。

［伊東昭雄］

『武田泰淳著『秋風秋雨人を愁殺す――秋瑾女士伝』（1976・筑摩書房）』▽『山崎厚子著『秋瑾　火焔の女』（2007・河出書房新社）』

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